WEBVTT

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The Indians until Rondon,

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and even the SPI,

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have always been considered, let\'s say,
the bastions of Brazil.

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Rondon appeared in several photos

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with Indians holding Brazilian flags, at the borders.

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Suddenly, they become

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regarded as internal enemies.

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That is, there is a very serious twist, I think.

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Not only are they hindrances, for roads,
hydropower and other interests,

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but they are a threat to national security.

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The dictatorship\'s policy towards native and frontier populations,

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on the one hand consisted of that idea
that they should be absorbed

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by the said civilizing process.

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Regarding borders,

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this action was much more severe,
much more serious,

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because the borders
were declared

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as areas of national security.

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With the idea of ??prohibiting any demarcation

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in a strip of 150 km from the border,

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They wanted to do it,

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consulted their own
body\'s legal advice,

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And the consultancy itself
said \"Look, it\'s not possible, this

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has no constitutional foundation╙.

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And the other project

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it was the story of emancipation.

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what was this attempt
of Minister Rangel Reis?

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It was the idea of ???let\'s integrate the Indians,

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and the integrated indians

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no longer need guardianship, let\'s emancipate\".

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What the judges would understand is that,

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without guardianship, the Indians had no special rights to the land.

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So if they were emancipated,

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it was a way of putting indigenous lands on the market,
as was done in the United States.

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And putting it on the market...

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wiped out indigenous lands.

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They were going to emancipate.
You knew, right?

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Emancipate.

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So the Kaiowç Indians,
the Guarani do not accept,

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because we don\'t understand what emancipation is.╙

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The Indian can sell his own land,

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because they won\'t have money all his life,
he might run out of money,

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they can sell land,

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go out to town,

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live in the city....

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City is not civilized as they insist.

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I believe that the Indian is very...

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There is much more civilization than people who live in the city.

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?The government gets rid of the Indian.╙

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?And the Indian is thrown,╙

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?at the mercy of the surrounding society.╙

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?So it will fall, no doubt,╙

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?in the lowest stratum of our society,╙

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?in the worst marginalization.╙

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?It was recognized many years ago,╙

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?that it was necessary to give the Indians
a compensatory support,╙

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?given the fact that
in direct contact with civilization╙

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?they tended to be decimated.╙

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?Not only to protect them from sickness,
from the pests of the whites,╙

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?but also to protect them from another pestilence,
which is covetousness,╙

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\"which tended to take all their lands.\"

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?That\'s why CIMI,
analyzing this emancipation project,╙

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?tried to see what was behind it.╙

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?And we came to the conclusion╙

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?that its basically an emancipation of the lands.╙

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The Xavantes discussed everything there,

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and there are some documents from FUNAI,
after I was fired, saying:

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?An impressive thing
is that in every village,

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the notion, the consciousness they have,
that they are against emancipation\"

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Emancipation of the Indian

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just to be able to end up Indian.

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There\'s a lot of \"caboclo\" that exists in the city

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and was not emancipated.

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And why will the Indian be emancipated?

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We want to continue

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to be able to keep all

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with our customs.

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The Indians

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cannot live like the white man\'s life,

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otherwise they weaken.

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All anthropologists from all over Brazil,

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Sao Paulo,

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from Rio de Janeiro,
Parana, Brasilia,

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Salvador, university staff,

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took a stand against.
And so are the lawyers.

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?It is nothing more, nothing less,
than a loot.╙

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?That after legal reasons for the freedom of the Indians,╙

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?what you are actually doing is accumulating more favors╙

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?to those already so favored in this country,╙

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?which does not look like a nation of its people,
It feels like a privileged club.╙

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This was an attempt to end

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with a stroke of the pen, with indigenous rights.

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So you keep indigenous rights,
but you eliminate the subjects of rights.

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it was something that
was repudiated by society

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and was shelved.

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The Guarani always walked towards the east.

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During this walk they found an incomparable beauty,

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which was here in Gua?ra,
where the Seven Falls were located.

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and the second was
towards Foz de Iguaçu,

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which was Itaipu Tekoha.

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The expulsion of the Guarani people here in Gua?ra

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it was some time ago,
in the 60\'s to 70\'s,

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that the Guarani
had to get out of here.

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We suffered three direct attacks, right?

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slave labor,
that the Mate Laranjeira company

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did with the Guarani people...

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Soon after colonization

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and then the flood
caused by the Itaipu hydroelectric plant, right?

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They who lived in the middle of the forest did not know
that the forest was already being divided,

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that from the river to there would be Paraguay
and that here would be Brazil.

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They just lived.

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The process of occupation of areas
it is for the Indians to be expelled, indeed.

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This practice, this imagining,

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and here it was called advance
to the West, to imagine that the...

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that the civilizing process should exterminate, right?

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And as for the yerba mate

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there was the use
of the labor force of indigenous populations

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in situations, many of them, of violence...

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Most speak about the history of the Mate Laranjeira company
here in the western region of Paranç,

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which is today the municipality of Gua?ra and Terra Roxa.

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an indigenous person
tells his story saying that with

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few years of life, even as a child,

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he already worked as a slave, he suffered a lot.

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That\'s how my father died,
working in the herbs...

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Because he worked as a uru.

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Because of the heat, smoke and fire,
he got a disease and didn\'t get better.

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He didn\'t walk anymore and
it spread in the body.

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And there used to be no hospital
nor anything here.

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That\'s when the flood came

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of the territories,

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of the houses,

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of the crops and
mainly,

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our houses of prayers
were under water.

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That\'s when the water came,
that\'s when the water rose.

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Although many already knew
that Itaipu was working

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and that the water would rise,

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there were still many Guarani people who didn\'t know,

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were not warned,

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by anyone.

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\"On the bridge of friendship,\"

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?which connects Foz do Iguaçu
to the territory of Paraguay. \"

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?President Ernesto Geisel is meeting
with the head of the government of that country, ?

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?General Alfredo Stroessner. \"

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The plant is already part of these projects of
\"Nobody holds Brazil\", of megalomania.

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The part related to the Indian had this
characteristic of an omitted Funai,

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and making deals that meant

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precisely the disappearance, practically, of the territories,

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an extraordinary decrease
of the territories,

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that signify the existence of indigenous peoples.

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We got out of there.

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We couldn\'t do anything.

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The water was rising quickly,
invading a few meters above.

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?And when the construction of the Itaipu dam began,
did some indigenous people work?╙

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- Yes, they worked...

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But only those who were stupid would work there,

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because those who went there never came back.

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They killed some, others fell from above while working.

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They made a tunnel underground,
there many people died.

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When indigenous people died...

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It was nothing to them.
it was like an animal.

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They had a great pit prepared,

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where they threw the dead people
and set fire.

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Many people also burned to death.

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These people from Itaipu they took with a truck,

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pushed the children,
pushed the women.

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There were some that fell out of the truck,
who died on the road,

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and the relatives could do nothing,

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because the truck was never going to stop.

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And when the trucks were going,

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those who were in the truck
they could see the village, their house, already on fire.

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I went to fieldwork,
I arrived to the region

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and I had contact with two former drivers of the company.

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We recorded, for example,

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photographs of Itaipu\'s employees,

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with the car near the houses,
with the company\'s slogan,

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setting fire to indigenous homes.

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I believe that Itaipu never imagined
that someone was making this record,

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because it was not an official operation,
it was a strategy they had,

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just like they had
other strategies,

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to make friends with the Indians, to the point
of them agreeing to the agreements.

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So, for example,
they played football with the indigenous people

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to create a friendship relationship,

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they brought gifts like sausage,
cheese, blankets, in the cold season,

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so that the indigenous
feel welcomed,

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but it was only until the
indemnity agreement was made.

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There are difficult exchanges
between Funai and Incra,

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the State Land Institute, the State Land Government,
where FUNAI asks

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what to do for these organs
and how to meet the demands of these bodies.

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FUNAI, chaired by a military
from this national information system,

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in almost no time
defend indigenous people,

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and it is a repeated documentation...

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?Itaipu constitutes the
best example: \"

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?giant enterprise
that sets in motion╙

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?From the first studies
of demarcations, \"

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?capable of providing
Paraguay, in the short term, ?

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?a surge of progress╙

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?larger than ever recorded╙

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?throughout its entire history. \"

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?The bridge of friendship is
more than a symbol\"

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?of the feelings that
link to the Guarani people.╙

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What do we conclude with regard to
these indigenous communities in the region,

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It\'s their existence.

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And a number of Indians

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much larger than the one that officially

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Itaipu ended up recognizing it.

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We are having access to a document,

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authored by a legal director of Itaipu,

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saying that Itaipu would be underestimating

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the number of indigenous communities

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who were in the
place at the time

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the floodgates were opened and the lake was formed.

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The construction took place in the pipeline
of extraordinary resources for the work

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and today we are advancing more and more
in discovering what was not possible

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to be reported,

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How much corruption, kickbacks,
for the construction of these great works,

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strengthening Operation Condor,

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everything that was done together there.

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And, not by chance,
we had in the presidency of Itaipu

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military personnel linked to the National Information Service.

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We have the highlight at Costa Cavalcante,

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who was president of the SNI

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and he was also president of Itaipu.

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And we know how much Itaipu worked

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in the sense of identification
of political movements and such,

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not only in Brazil, but also
in Paraguay and Argentina.

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\"On May 17, \'74, \"

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?binational Itaipu was installed, ?

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\"which is building the largest hydroelectric plant in the world.\"

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?12 million and 600 thousand kW. \"

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?The first civil construction contract
was signed in 75.?

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?Three years later, the monumental diversion canal was excavated\"

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?the course of the Paraná River was altered
for the construction of the main dam, ?

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\"whose height will be equivalent to a 60-story building.\"

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The work was done in such an unplanned way,

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that indigenous families,
they were not all identified,

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they were not accessed.
They didn\'t have the team to do that.

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Anthropologists said at the time

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that they had covered a gigantic territorial extension,

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but we looked at the duration that this work was done,

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it was one day, two days,

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so it\'s obvious that they didn\'t have access
to all indigenous communities.

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Although many already knew that Itaipu was working

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and that the water would rise,
there were still many Guarani people who did not know.

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The fear of water was also one of the reasons

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they had to move to Paraguay,

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and also for Mato Grosso do Sul.

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So from 2008, 2009, the Guarani
were returning to their territory.

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We were always residents
on both sides of the Paraná River.

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Here in Guaíra there were only
3 indigenous communities.

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After 2009, occupations
were increasing,

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and this idea of fighting came from us
for the demarcation of the territory.

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The people who met us
in the street, they crossed the street.

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Commerce closed its doors

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and even some suicides happened,

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because the student was discriminated at school,
he didn\'t want to go to school anymore.

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At the employment agency they said that for Indian there is no job,

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that the Indians were vagabonds
and they had to be in the middle of the woods.

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The discourse that indigenous people are vagabonds,

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that indigenous people hinder development,

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this causes a lot of violence against indigenous people

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and the population is not shocked.

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The NGO ONGDIP, it makes a speech in hate saying:

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?Look, if an Indian appears at your door
and ask for a glass of water, don\'t give it,

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don\'t give it because it\'s too dangerous, they will
invade your house, they want your land.\"

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We are arriving at Tekoha Mirim,

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It\'s the village that Itaipu built some masonry houses for them

00:22:45.084 --> 00:22:47.711
and took them from the woods and brought them here.

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We all lived in the bush, right?

00:22:59.515 --> 00:23:06.224
Then came Itaipu, City Hall,
Public Ministry, Funai...

00:23:06.270 --> 00:23:09.983
They pressured us to make a deal,

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Itaipú wanted us to leave anyway.

00:23:14.571 --> 00:23:20.786
At that time, my brother was the chief and made the deal.

00:23:20.786 --> 00:23:27.084
Itaipú made these little houses
and took us from where we were,

00:23:27.084 --> 00:23:30.504
They promised us many things,

00:23:30.504 --> 00:23:37.130
said they would help
but they did nothing else.

00:23:37.170 --> 00:23:44.462
We took firewood from the forest,
but it\'s forbidden.

00:23:44.510 --> 00:23:50.240
It\'s banned, but it\'s not closed yet.

00:23:50.240 --> 00:23:53.735
The Itaipú people have already warned that they are going to close.

00:23:55.070 --> 00:23:59.992
They\'re going to put up a fence three meters high.

00:23:59.992 --> 00:24:06.623
an iron fence
for anyone else to enter.

00:24:11.650 --> 00:24:14.470
There is a slogan in the western region of Paraná that says:

00:24:14.470 --> 00:24:18.450
\"The Land of Waters\", but we have...

00:24:18.450 --> 00:24:22.806
Today we know that there are many indigenous communities
that were displaced

00:24:22.806 --> 00:24:26.110
and they don\'t have access or water,
nor to a river, nor to the forest,

00:24:26.110 --> 00:24:29.620
so they don\'t have conditions
to produce income,

00:24:29.620 --> 00:24:32.649
survival, and live
in subhuman conditions.

00:24:42.040 --> 00:24:50.230
People from my village work
thirty people here, picking up cardboard and...

00:24:50.230 --> 00:24:53.040
Recycling is very cheap, so

00:24:53.040 --> 00:24:57.049
they work and some days they take 1 or 2 dollars.

00:25:02.190 --> 00:25:05.420
We work here because

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here in the municipality of Guaíra most of the
whites do not want to give jobs to the Indians.

00:25:10.440 --> 00:25:14.399
Imagine if the mayor will give a job.
It won\'t, right?

00:25:34.130 --> 00:25:38.089
In the time of democracy the same history repeats itself,

00:25:38.130 --> 00:25:44.040
Whether in this municipality, in the other municipality,
whether in that state or another state,

00:25:44.054 --> 00:25:45.931
the story is the same.

00:25:55.920 --> 00:26:00.460
Here in Guaíra we are threatened with death.

00:26:00.460 --> 00:26:03.900
We don\'t have delegates,
we don\'t have police,

00:26:03.900 --> 00:26:08.070
we don\'t have a mayor,
we don\'t have councilors

00:26:08.070 --> 00:26:11.600
who fight for us,
but we have Nhanderú.

00:26:11.600 --> 00:26:15.890
we have our ancestors
who are here,

00:26:15.890 --> 00:26:19.380
the blood has dried up here on this earth.

00:26:19.380 --> 00:26:23.228
they are under this earth
and every time we cry,

00:26:23.238 --> 00:26:24.750
every time we scream,

00:26:24.750 --> 00:26:29.280
every time we raise the flag
of the Guarani resistance,

00:26:29.280 --> 00:26:31.380
they are always with us.

00:26:31.380 --> 00:26:36.210
\'Cause we\'ve always been
a very resistant Guarani people,

00:26:36.210 --> 00:26:39.260
brave through faith.

00:26:39.260 --> 00:26:42.946
Something white people don\'t know.

00:27:58.260 --> 00:28:03.946
In 2019, the then General attorney of the Republic, Raquel Dodge, asked
the condemnation of the Federal Gov., Parana state, Funai, Incra and Itaipu
for damage caused by the Itaipu Plant to the Ava-Guarani people.

00:28:04.260 --> 00:28:07.946
But the action was extinct by the new General attorney of the Republic,
Augusto Aras, in 2020, without judgment of merit.

00:28:08.260 --> 00:28:12.946
The Avá Guarani continued their fight for justice and reparation.
Other hydroelectric plants built during the dictatorship are Tucuri and Balbina.
The construction of both had indigenous people evicted and nature destruction.