WEBVTT

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[sil.]

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[sil.]

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What makes people different? Our parents?
The environment?

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The choices we make? Some scientist
say that each of us is programmed

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to become the distinct individuals we are.
The programme is written in our genes

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in a chemical called DNA.

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A knowledge of this genes is going to give us the power
to begin deciphering what makes humans different

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from one another? And, of
course, a very important aspect

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of that is why does some humans get particular
diseases and why are other humans healthy

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and live normal lives. Everyone
has their own unique DNA,

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we inherit half from each of our parents. And
genes guide how we grow and develop in the world.

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But scientists have long known that
genes don\'t operate by themselves.

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Every individual organism is the nexus,

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the consequence of the interaction

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of the genes you have, and the environment that you\'ve
developed in and random effects of those development

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and those cannot be separated.
How important is DNA?

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And what does mean for families in society?
Are some genes better than others?

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Do some of us have defective genes?
And who decides?

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We are being welcomed in the
1990s into mainstream society.

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And yet at the same time,
the message we get from

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genetic screening technologies
is that our lives are a mistake

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and should have been eliminated
before we were even born.

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Daddy, look at me!

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Jacob Turner is five years old

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but he already may owe his life to
genetics. First his uncle died,

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suddenly and for no apparent reason.
Then Jacob was just a baby, his mother.

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Jon called at 01:30 in the morning

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that the paramedics were there and she
was gone. Jacob was five months old.

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And I was just enraged that
what a price to pay to prove

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that whatever it was, was genetic.

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To discover why her children died, Jacob\'s grandmother
got everyone in the family to take a DNA test

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and an electrocardiogram. Scientist
found an unusual genetic pattern,

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which was linked to a regular
heartbeat, and Jacob has it too.

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It was hard to accept it first, it was really
hard to accept. First my wife, and my son.

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Jacob takes drugs each night

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to stabilize the rhythm of his heart. But the
families genetic troubles didn\'t end there.

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It never occurred to me, I never dreamed that when
I would apply for insurance for the two of us,

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I would be accepted and
Jacob would be denied.

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He was considered to be at major risk
(inaudible). With a pre-existing condition.

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Several s states have outlawed the use of
genetic information in health insurance,

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but the problem is even more wide spread.

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Paul Billings conducted a nationwide study of DNA
testing, he found hundreds of cases of discrimination.

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Health care, insurances, adoption,

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employment, public accommodations

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and services from the government,
access to the military.

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We need to be in a position when
applicants come to us for insurance

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that we know the same information that they
know. So that when we\'re making a decision

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whether or not to insure or what rate
to insure that we have relevant,

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you know, we have all the information
that we need to place them

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in the appropriate premium class. People
are gonna be judged not on the basis

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of who they are as individuals and what
actual behaviors and health conditions

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they have at the moment. As a matter of
fact, put on the basis of generalizations

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and stereotypes and predictions and
speculations as to health conditions

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and behaviors. They might develop in the future
because of a supposed genetic predisposition.

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Genetic test aren\'t just used in
to health care and insurance.

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Because everyone\'s genes are different, samples of
DNA can also be used for purposes of identification.

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For the first time in the crime lab,

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we\'re able to use trace amounts of
biological evidence to definitively,

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I mean to precisely exonerate or implicate suspects
in the commission of some of our society\'s

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most violent and reprehensible crimes.

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Genetic information is easily computerized. And the
FBI and other agencies are building data banks

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with DNA profiles on millions of people.

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There are few law to protect the privacy of genetic information.
These potential data banks are springing up all over.

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You\'ve the Armed Forces, you\'ve
Forensics, anytime you go into a hospital

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and give a tube of blood, new born infants
have blood taken for genetic testing.

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Here are the bloodstains on filter paper,

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we make sure it\'s the person\'s DNA
by a finger print, it\'s bar-coded

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and here\'s the (inaudible).

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The Armed Forces are gathering DNA
samples from all military personnel

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so that they\'re never again will be an
unknown soldier. It\'s important to families,

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of course, they want return of their loved ones. And of
course it\'s important to the service member himself.

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He wants to know if he pays
the ultimate sacrifice,

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that somebody will know, that
proper respects will be paid.

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Some soldiers find this program disrespectful.
Those who refuse to supply a DNA sample

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have been demoted or discharged.
And it\'s something we hold sacred

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and it\'s not something I
wanted to turn over anyone.

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I felt that I had a right, and I
thought if I displayed my sincerity,

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based upon my record,

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and my capabilities that
I probably get a waiver.

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After a difficult 18 months fight, Power finally
got a religious exemption but the program

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is still going on and others continue to resist
because they know what their DNA might be used for.

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Once you have this DNA, you can
do anything you want with it.

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It may be at the moment the military
is only using those DNA profiles

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to identify bodies of
soldiers killed on duty.

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However, they could change
that policy tomorrow.

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The Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
is a major genetics center

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and for years, the lab secretly tested its own workers for
pregnancies, syphilis (inaudible), and sickle cell anemia.

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Yeah, I just want to know why
and what it\'s being used for.

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You know, those are my basic concerns. You know,
and if it\'s sometime it can be used against me.

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The Laboratory is saying that they
did the test, the sickle cell

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(inaudible) for my benefit and then not
informing me that they have found something,

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we don\'t know, is it helping
insurance companies, red line,

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African American employees who work at the
Laboratory. I\'ve always stepped forward

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in what I thought was wrong and tried to right things.
I\'ve been Ïinvolved at the union, I\'ve been a steward,

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so it was just unnatural step to me, this
was wrong, and it didn\'t just affect me,

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it affected my children.

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Employees took the lab to court and the public has a big
stake in the outcome. If people are afraid of DNA tests,

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because of what they might be used
for, who will get the benefits

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that genetic medicine is suppose to offer.
Atherosclerosis, obesity,

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type 2 diabetes, asthma, cancer,

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we can now approach these diseases
in a way we never could before,

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to try to get at the
underlined causes of them.

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We\'ll be able to fingerprint these things, we\'ll
able to put this information into computers

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and read out potential health histories and,
of course, the ideal situation is to be able

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to have preventive cures for
most of these diseases.

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Many diseases come from
alteration in our genes.

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To decipher our genetic code, we\'ve
begun a scientific journey called

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the \"Human Genome Project.\"
Genetic research

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is bankrolled by the government in a multibillion dollar
project to map out all the genes in the human body.

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But if the goal is to improve
public health and wellbeing,

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is this the best way to do it? There
is a vast over emphasis on the role

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that genes play in our lives, it
allows us to let society off the hook.

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It allows us to distance ourselves
from social and environmental

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causes of cancer or any other disease,
and these are actually causes

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that we can do something about.

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These new technologies raise some old and very
basic questions. Does our fate depend on our genes

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we get from our parents? What is a
normal human being? And if as some say,

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DNA is a blueprint for life, should
scientist be allowed to tinker with it?

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(inaudible) privacy, self
conception, normality,

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who is to decide, you know, and
those are the issues for scientist.

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Scientist can\'t answer the question,
what are the ethical, social,

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legal imperatives, concerns
around all these developments.

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This is a standard chromosomes, right here.

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And in this mess, there should be 23…

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Most families learn about genetic testing when they are
expecting a baby. My job is often a delicate balance

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between education and counseling. I
tried to help people make decisions.

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And I try to help them make a
decision that\'s most appropriate

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for them at this point in their lives.
And does she have children?

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Genetics screening gives expecting parents one more thing to worry
about. Most go along with test recommended by their doctors,

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but many don\'t really
understand what it\'s all about.

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They think that if they take this test,
it will somehow assure a healthy baby.

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Um, whereas from the scientist point of
view this is a screening test to identity

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defects where there is no intervention and so that
you can proceed to have an abortion if you want.

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But that is a complete disconnect with many women,
who really see it like taking their vitamins,

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like taking their prenatal vitamins. I have
many friends who got test results back

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and had no idea that they had under gone
some kind of genetic screening test.

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And this is first time they\'re confronted with a
prospect of raising a child with a disability.

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And when they discover a genetic condition, most of
those who test, decide to terminate the pregnancy.

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But there is an implication there that
if your children have disabilities,

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they\'re first of all not healthy, which isn\'t the case, you can have a
disability with proper (inaudible) healthy, you just have a disability.

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And that you won\'t have a normal
life, well what\'s a normal life?

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The numbers are not gonna give you the human
element as what it\'s like to raise a child

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with a special disability. So what
we try to do in that situation

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is to have a parent meet with another parent who
already has a child with a similar problem.

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They can talk face to face with that parent and find it, Hey what\'s it
like every single day, day in and day out to have a child like this.

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But even with the best information,
parents don\'t always have the support

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and the freedom they need, to make
the choice they believe is right.

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A pregnant woman who went to her HMO and had
a round of routine prenatal genetic tests,

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the fetus that she was carrying had
the genes for cystic fibrosis,

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a genetic condition. The HMO told her that they would
be willing to pay for the cost of an abortion,

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but if she elected to carry
the pregnancy to term,

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they would not be willing to
provide insurance for that infant.

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The genetic testing has changing

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the way parents feel about their babies.

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The people are not committing to the
pregnancy until they\'ve had their test.

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And that bonding process between mother
and fetus is delayed and that certainly

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must have an impact on the
mother child relationship

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and then eventually on
who that child becomes.

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Isn\'t spring your favorite season Watching
the flowers blooming out but at the ground.

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Lynne Morrow didn\'t want to bring a child into
the world who would have sickle cell anemia.

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A prenatal test said her fetus was okay,
but when daughter khalilah was born

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she had the disease. I was devastated,
and angry, and distraught,

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and at the same time trying to
figure out how in the world

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am I gonna explain this to this child,

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having taken (inaudible) precaution
that this what is happening.

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The family sued the hospital and started a
fund for khalilah\'s healthcare and education.

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Fortunately she has a
mild form of sickle cell.

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There\'s nothing wrong with me, I\'m just
(inaudible) sometime other people do so…

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Pain always exist in life,

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and so regardless of the source of the pain
you\'ll have to go through some and so,

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um, having (inaudible) the tragedy

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that one might think. Not having
it (inaudible) through it.

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Lynne Morrow\'s experience is unique.
Researchers at the University of California

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found that families who already
includes someone with a disability

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are less interested in prenatal test.
And more likely to have the baby,

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whatever the results. Many of
the families that we\'ve seen

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who love someone with cystic fibrosis
or with sickle cell and have said,

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\"Hey, if science can help us with a cure or with helping
us to care for this member of our family terrific.\"

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But other than that, don\'t bother us

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because family is not a place where
we\'re going to set admissions criteria,

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that are based on reducing
human beings to their DNA.

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DNA test don\'t tell you when a genetic condition
will develop or how severe it will be.

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But they can give a false
sense of certainty

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and could leave to bad policies,
like eugenic where the society

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or the government tries to control who
may have children and who may not.

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We will know a lot more about how
to diagnose cystic fibrosis,

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how to diagnose (inaudible)
without discovering a cure.

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And here\'s the teaching, as we find this gap
widening between diagnostics and (inaudible).

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The pressure for people to

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(inaudible) will be increasingly powerful.

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Most disabilities is not genetic,

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most disability is not diagnosable, most
disability will occur long after birth,

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even if you aborted every disabled
fetus that you could diagnose.

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You would avoid a fraction of disability.

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Oh, you\'re still in good shape.
Conditioning anyway, nice little heart.

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Michael Hyer lost his mother
to huntingtons disease.

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A rare and disabling nerve condition
that\'s passed from parent to child.

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He\'s trying to decide if he should get
tested to find out if he will get it too.

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Trying to live my life without knowing scares me. But
also knowing and finding out that I have it scares me.

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Did you mother or uncle get tested before they got
the disease? No, no. And you said your sister…

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The genetic test for huntington has been
around since 1983. But if it\'s positive,

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there is nothing you can
do to avoid the disease.

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Their perspective is to sort of hope for
the best and then plan for the worst and…

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Huntington (inaudible) specific, you\'re born to
a family that one of the parents has the gene,

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you\'ve a 50% chance of having the gene. It\'s an autosomal
dominant, you\'re gonna either get it or you\'re not.

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And you get it, it\'s inevitably fail, there
is no variation on the course of it.

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So, I\'ve often thought what could be worse than going
through what I went through with my mother, well,

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what\'s worse is when you go through it for yourself and
how prepared are you. You know, just sort of watch

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and each day wondering, each time
that your hand shakes or each time

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that you don\'t quiet break the car fast enough, or each
time that you stutter a word, you can\'t remember a name.

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That this is, this thing
is onside, this is it.

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Very few genetic conditions are as extreme as
huntingtons. And in most cases, modern medicine

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has already improved patients lives. Okay now
push your shoulders up. Okay, that\'s good.

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Squeeze my hand, not too hard. Good.

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Sickle cell anemia is the most serious
genetic illness among African Americans.

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We\'re at a time we know a great
deal more about sickle cell,

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how to keep people alive, how to cure the disease,
how to extend their life and the quality of life.

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At the same time we\'re being significantly
limited in the resources to do that.

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Close my door. Hi, doctor, (inaudible).
His mother died about two years ago,

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why, almost three years ago, and she
had sickle cell disease like him.

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But when Marcus was born, then we kind
of knew because I had the disease

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and she had it and so knew
Marcus also gonna have it.

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Drugs, nutrition and careful monitoring can now
eliminate many complications of sickle cell.

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The major cause of death in
sickle cell disease unfortunately

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or fortunately are complications
that I believe are preventable,

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and if the health care system
had a priority to prevent death

00:19:05.000 --> 00:19:09.999
in these patients and it was not course limited,
most of the death in sickle cell would be postponed

00:19:10.000 --> 00:19:14.999
for a good 25 years from
where they\'re happening now.

00:19:15.000 --> 00:19:19.999
There\'s been a genetic test for sickle cells
since the 1970s but that hasn\'t led to a cure.

00:19:20.000 --> 00:19:24.999
Many patients still don\'t have access to
comprehensive treatment centers like this one.

00:19:25.000 --> 00:19:29.999
The story is similar with cystic
fibrosis who\'s gene was found in 1989.

00:19:30.000 --> 00:19:34.999
This is the most common
fatal genetic disorder

00:19:35.000 --> 00:19:39.999
in the Caucasian population, and
it\'s really the lung infections

00:19:40.000 --> 00:19:44.999
and the progressive lung damage
that causes these patients to die.

00:19:45.000 --> 00:19:49.999
And it still is 100% fatal (inaudible).

00:19:50.000 --> 00:19:54.999
We known how to cure this disease in
theory. We simply need to put into cells

00:19:55.000 --> 00:19:59.999
a good copy of the otherwise defective
gene and we\'ve done it in the lab.

00:20:00.000 --> 00:20:04.999
One approaches to genetically
engineered virus so that it contains

00:20:05.000 --> 00:20:09.999
the healthy genes and then put
that virus in patients lungs.

00:20:10.000 --> 00:20:14.999
When we give a gene using a virus,

00:20:15.000 --> 00:20:19.999
it works but the patient fairly
quickly is able to disable the virus.

00:20:20.000 --> 00:20:24.999
The problem is that our immune
system fights off the viruses

00:20:25.000 --> 00:20:29.999
and even if scientist
find a way around that…

00:20:30.000 --> 00:20:34.999
Then you have to convince the cell that it wants
to make this gene instead of its own genes.

00:20:35.000 --> 00:20:39.999
And the body is set up a lot of
defense mechanisms not to do this,

00:20:40.000 --> 00:20:44.999
or otherwise we\'d all be
mutated all the time.

00:20:45.000 --> 00:20:49.999
It\'s not easy knowing the gene for any
owners has yet to bring about a cure.

00:20:50.000 --> 00:20:54.999
Still researchers are seeking genetic
basis for most common diseases,

00:20:55.000 --> 00:20:59.999
where the market could be vast though
the genetic links are more remote.

00:21:00.000 --> 00:21:04.999
Because one can find examples where if I know if there is
a mutation, it will inevitably result in some disorder.

00:21:05.000 --> 00:21:09.999
People tend to think
everything is like that.

00:21:10.000 --> 00:21:14.999
Whereas most thing are not like that,
in most cases, if there is some change

00:21:15.000 --> 00:21:19.999
in the genes, it may change the probability
or the likelihood or the conditions

00:21:20.000 --> 00:21:24.999
under which some disease develops
but it doesn\'t guarantee anything.

00:21:25.000 --> 00:21:29.999
There is some interesting research on the
genetics of cancer, especially breast cancer

00:21:30.000 --> 00:21:34.999
because genes are very involved on
how cancer works. Cancer arises

00:21:35.000 --> 00:21:39.999
when cells grow out of control, and body\'s
normal housekeeping genes fail to do their job

00:21:40.000 --> 00:21:44.999
of keeping things in order. Now, in fact,

00:21:45.000 --> 00:21:49.999
very few cases of breast cancer arises because
it defects in genes the people are born with.

00:21:50.000 --> 00:21:54.999
So this means that something in the
environment is interacting with the genes

00:21:55.000 --> 00:21:59.999
and causing it to stop doing its job.

00:22:00.000 --> 00:22:04.999
This is not a disease that if you just put on your
wig and put on your make up, you are gonna be fine.

00:22:05.000 --> 00:22:09.999
50% of the women diagnose with this
disease today, will die within 15 years.

00:22:10.000 --> 00:22:14.999
And the mortality rates are not going down. Vast majority
of the breast cancers that we find are not hereditary.

00:22:15.000 --> 00:22:19.999
However breast cancer is
probably the major fear

00:22:20.000 --> 00:22:24.999
of disease that most woman have and if there
is anybody in your family with breast cancer,

00:22:25.000 --> 00:22:29.999
you\'re going to wonder, if
have a susceptibility or not.

00:22:30.000 --> 00:22:34.999
There is a small number of families
that have a history of breast cancer,

00:22:35.000 --> 00:22:39.999
researchers spent 15 years
studying these families

00:22:40.000 --> 00:22:44.999
and they found a gene called BRCA1.

00:22:45.000 --> 00:22:49.999
It\'s a gene which is fundamentally evolved
to work in those cells in a normal way,

00:22:50.000 --> 00:22:54.999
in its normal function is to allow the cells
to proliferate when the breast needs to,

00:22:55.000 --> 00:22:59.999
beings to start making milk and allow the cells
under tight control when that\'s important.

00:23:00.000 --> 00:23:04.999
If the genes you have don\'t work right, breast
tissue can grow uncontrolled and become cancerous.

00:23:05.000 --> 00:23:09.999
It\'s a story Denah Joseph knows well.
She lost her partner

00:23:10.000 --> 00:23:14.999
and two sisters to breast cancer. Either our
parents work through some radioactive cloud

00:23:15.000 --> 00:23:19.999
when my mother was pregnant or you
know, when we were a young family

00:23:20.000 --> 00:23:24.999
or who knows what I mean…

00:23:25.000 --> 00:23:29.999
With a breast cancer in her family, you\'d
expect if Denah want to be tested to see

00:23:30.000 --> 00:23:34.999
she has a defective BRCA1
gene, but she doesn\'t.

00:23:35.000 --> 00:23:39.999
For me it\'s not a real question unless there were something
at the under that test that would be meaningful.

00:23:40.000 --> 00:23:44.999
It would make a difference in
my opportunities or options.

00:23:45.000 --> 00:23:49.999
If a woman is found to have a genetic susceptibility,
we don\'t know what to tell her what to do.

00:23:50.000 --> 00:23:54.999
Um, we\'re ready if somebody has a
family history of breast cancer,

00:23:55.000 --> 00:23:59.999
see how frequently (inaudible) every
six months, every four months,

00:24:00.000 --> 00:24:04.999
they\'ll be doing their own monthly breast
exam, we\'ll get you (inaudible) grams.

00:24:05.000 --> 00:24:09.999
If they, though they have a high susceptibility to
breast cancer, we may recommend the same things.

00:24:10.000 --> 00:24:14.999
When they test negative, the
concern we all have I think,

00:24:15.000 --> 00:24:19.999
who are working on this issue is that, they can
conclude that they are not at risk for breast cancer.

00:24:20.000 --> 00:24:24.999
But when in fact they\'re, is it the normal what\'s
now being called background risk for breast cancer

00:24:25.000 --> 00:24:29.999
which is one in eight
by the time you are 85.

00:24:30.000 --> 00:24:34.999
Some women do want the test, they feel reassured
if it turns out negative. And if it\'s positive,

00:24:35.000 --> 00:24:39.999
some women have their breast surgically
removed in an effort to avoid cancer.

00:24:40.000 --> 00:24:44.999
When a convenient though expensive
BRCA1 test kit hit the market,

00:24:45.000 --> 00:24:49.999
the controversy intensified.
The science is way ahead,

00:24:50.000 --> 00:24:54.999
not only with the public policy but at the health care system.
In the mean time, we have companies marketing the test,

00:24:55.000 --> 00:24:59.999
to individual doctors who then turn
around and offer it to their patients.

00:25:00.000 --> 00:25:04.999
When one person gets a test, and a mutation is
discovered or not, they\'re really doing something

00:25:05.000 --> 00:25:09.999
that affects their entire family, not
just themselves. And I am very concerned

00:25:10.000 --> 00:25:14.999
that people will not have adequate genetic counseling
support to make sense of the information given to them

00:25:15.000 --> 00:25:19.999
and make rational decisions.

00:25:20.000 --> 00:25:24.999
Where is this very sensitive information
gonna go in the medical record.

00:25:25.000 --> 00:25:29.999
And who knows what impact
that could have on a person\'s

00:25:30.000 --> 00:25:34.999
employment options or insurance options

00:25:35.000 --> 00:25:39.999
or future.

00:25:40.000 --> 00:25:44.999
The direct marketing of these kinds of genetic tests, especially
early on when their ultimate value hasn\'t been determined

00:25:45.000 --> 00:25:49.999
that they need to be… It needs
to be very careful regulated.

00:25:50.000 --> 00:25:54.999
And that in particular that kind
of marketing should not be done

00:25:55.000 --> 00:25:59.999
by the organization that have a real
financial interest in the test.

00:26:00.000 --> 00:26:04.999
Research on the genetic
tests of breast cancer

00:26:05.000 --> 00:26:09.999
has helped to clarify how the disease works. But the DNA
tests still doesn\'t stop breast cancer from occurring.

00:26:10.000 --> 00:26:14.999
Why do people acquire these defects?

00:26:15.000 --> 00:26:19.999
And what can we do to prevent that from happening?
So, we\'ve to take a step back from this,

00:26:20.000 --> 00:26:24.999
focus on identifying those
were genetically susceptible

00:26:25.000 --> 00:26:29.999
and ask what we can do to prevent such susceptibility
from occurring by keeping the environment cleaner

00:26:30.000 --> 00:26:34.999
in the first place.

00:26:35.000 --> 00:26:39.999
Vice Council, wake up.

00:26:40.000 --> 00:26:48.000
So, this a voice opps…

00:26:50.000 --> 00:26:54.999
One way to judge a technology is by the affect that it has on people. John Kelly
became paralyzed more than a dozen years ago, technology helps him live independently,

00:26:55.000 --> 00:26:59.999
while earning a PhD in sociology.

00:27:00.000 --> 00:27:04.999
The problem with disability is not the
disability itself but the lack of social support

00:27:05.000 --> 00:27:09.999
and resources provided to
people with disabilities.

00:27:10.000 --> 00:27:14.999
The problem isn\'t using a wheel chair,

00:27:15.000 --> 00:27:19.999
the problem is that there are steps
that the wheelchair can\'t go through.

00:27:20.000 --> 00:27:24.999
People with disabilities have
wonderful skills, resources, talents,

00:27:25.000 --> 00:27:29.999
and perspectives to offer the world.
And at the same time it\'s true,

00:27:30.000 --> 00:27:34.999
there is no reason to pretend that
disability is not hard. It\'s a hassle,

00:27:35.000 --> 00:27:39.999
and we have to get help.

00:27:40.000 --> 00:27:44.999
But that doesn\'t mean

00:27:45.000 --> 00:27:49.999
that what we have to offer isn\'t worth it.
Society can use technology

00:27:50.000 --> 00:27:54.999
to become more open than inclusive, but genetic
technologies could be used to alter human embryos,

00:27:55.000 --> 00:27:59.999
so only certain kinds of
people would be born.

00:28:00.000 --> 00:28:04.999
Who would decide which genes are acceptable.
I\'m of great believer in natural evolution

00:28:05.000 --> 00:28:09.999
and that has used natural
selection from millions of years

00:28:10.000 --> 00:28:14.999
and sort of come out with the best solution, we may
not like that solution but it was the best solution

00:28:15.000 --> 00:28:19.999
and to try and rapidly
move up that evolution,

00:28:20.000 --> 00:28:24.999
we may be asking for things
we don\'t know what it is.

00:28:25.000 --> 00:28:29.999
I\'m really frightened by those
who assume that, you know,

00:28:30.000 --> 00:28:34.999
I have the capacity to create
the perfect human being.

00:28:35.000 --> 00:28:39.999
Well, I\'m not sure because to human
being is more than the physical flesh,

00:28:40.000 --> 00:28:44.999
the human being has soul.

00:28:45.000 --> 00:28:49.999
[music]

00:28:50.000 --> 00:28:54.999
Studying our genetic
differences can help diagnose

00:28:55.000 --> 00:28:59.999
and treat certain diseases. But we need
to be careful about focusing too much

00:29:00.000 --> 00:29:04.999
on the differences people are born with.

00:29:05.000 --> 00:29:09.999
The real issue is, is that where human misery
is coming from? Is that what it\'s all about?

00:29:10.000 --> 00:29:14.999
Is that the future of dealing with human
health and welfare. Most people on the world

00:29:15.000 --> 00:29:19.999
are not dying genetic diseases. Must be in
the world of over working and under eating.

00:29:20.000 --> 00:29:24.999
All of us are going to be
discovered to have bad genes.

00:29:25.000 --> 00:29:29.999
All of us have something
in our genetic makeup.

00:29:30.000 --> 00:29:34.999
Is the issue to try the
literally micro manage

00:29:35.000 --> 00:29:39.999
the scene and get into the DNA or should
we spend our money, our interest,

00:29:40.000 --> 00:29:44.999
or energies trying to understand
how the social fabric,

00:29:45.000 --> 00:29:49.999
the economical and political
fabric better explain poverty,

00:29:50.000 --> 00:29:54.999
illness and disease.

00:29:55.000 --> 00:29:59.999
That the enormous (inaudible) of genetic diversity is
simply the (inaudible) out of evolution at a positive way.

00:30:00.000 --> 00:30:04.999
And by simply recognizing

00:30:05.000 --> 00:30:09.999
that reality that there are enormous number of different
ways to be human. What we now have an opportunity to do

00:30:10.000 --> 00:30:14.999
is to treasure and retain

00:30:15.000 --> 00:30:19.999
and celebrate the genetic
diversity of our species.

00:30:20.000 --> 00:30:25.000
[music]

00:30:55.000 --> 00:31:00.000
[sil.]