WEBVTT

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[sil.]

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[music]

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This man is helping to
preserve biodiversity,

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tropical forest and himself.

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[sil.]

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This chair was made by hand in a village
in Honduras. It would be nice to say that

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this is the chair that is saving
rainforest, but it\'s not.

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As we\'ve all learned by now, there
are no easy fixes, no one solution

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to environmental problems.
But this greenwood chair,

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elegant in its simplicity does have a story to
tell. A story that links a village in Honduras

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to a town in BC, to apply
wood mill in Oregon,

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to a logging town in Mexico,
and then finally to us.

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The buyers of wood. The chair
asks us to look at these links

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to see what we can learn about solutions.

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[music]

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I think it\'s well known now that great
deal of biodiversity on this earth,

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at least outside of the oceans is,
is maintained in tropical forest.

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And tremendous numbers of medicines and everything else come
out of these forests and potentially could in the future

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as well as many, many other products. At the
same time, these are the areas in the world

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where many of our poorest people live.
What can be done?

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The solution is not gonna be real simple,
it\'s not gonna be just one easy trick.

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Gradually, I began to see around the world.

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What happened when you got things wrong?
You end up often with no forests

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or with no jobs or with no production.

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The forest gets sometimes degraded to the point of being
unproductive, or you end up with a conflictive social situation.

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Battling between so called,
\'conservation interests\' and so called,

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\'production interests\' where one side or
the other is likely to lose, often both.

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And what has really enraged
me in many parts of the world

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is seeing regions where I used to be.
People with forests

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and viable forms of making a living by

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one means or another including harvesting form the
forest, including hunting, including agriculture

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and after a while they end up with nothing. Neither
agriculture nor hunting, nor forests, nor livelihoods.

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This is the worst case scenario, which
has becoming increasingly common

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in many parts of the world
and it\'s unnecessary.

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The Atlantic region of
Honduras, in Central America.

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There are both three million hectares

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of broad leaf hardwood forests here
as well as land used for livestock

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and huge plantations of oil palms,
bananas and pineapples grown for export.

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Much of this is land owned
by multinational companies.

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Even though rich in natural resources, Honduras is one
of the poorest countries in the Western Hemisphere.

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There\'s a lot of money
involved, population pressures

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trough out Latin America. People
migrating from the cities

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where they can\'t find work to,
to rural and forested areas

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where they don\'t have a lot of farming
experience, leads to a lot of deforestation.

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Clearing, and burning and a
kind of successive process

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of forest elimination. People
have a desperate need for land,

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they have a desperate need for land produces
because the land they have had in the past

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has now been largely destroyed. People have
a tremendous need to have enough food to,

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you know, just even the very, very
basic necessities of human life.

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If they can\'t get those in ways
that maintained the biodiversity,

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they\'re gonna destroy the biodiversity.
And in face, my own feeling is that the…

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they are very justified in doing so. If we\'re
in (inaudible) maintaining biodiversity,

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we\'ve gotta find ways that that
biodiversity can be maintained,

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while at the same time the
people\'s needs are taken care of.

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[music]

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Deep in the Honduran country side, along
the gravel road full of potholes,

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50 kilometers from the nearest town

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is a small village surrounded by forest.

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The community is spread out over a
large valley. There\'s no electricity

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and fueled cars and nearest
phone is three hours away.

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El carbon, is an indigenous
pesh-community (inaudible)

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of about a 120 families and
they have lived in this valley

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mainly by subsistence
agriculture for centuries.

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The pesh have control over their
own land, including the forest.

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There aren\'t a lot of choices for work, so
logging has provided much needed income.

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But now, an alternative has been found.

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Using a draw knife and the
shaving horse to hold the wood,

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23 year old Housé Pablo Cordova
(inaudible) is making legs for a chair.

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Housé was born and grew up in El carbon.

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At 18, he began learning this new skill

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and it will make his different
from generations before him.

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Now others in the village
are also making chairs.

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The design is from Aplesia (inaudible)
but the materials are local.

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These miniatures are for
souvenirs and for marketing.

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[sil.]

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How did the design form Aplesia find
it\'s way into a Honduran village?

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[sil.]

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Curtis Buchannan, is a
craftsmen form Tennessee.

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I had (inaudible) and article by Michael Fortune
and a new slayer of environmental group

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that belonged to and… I think
he was taking about project

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he\'d (inaudible) involved in a Yucatan
chair making and some of the problems that

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he had encountered had mostly to do with case work.
In a way, that you would put together a table where,

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with rectangular joints and dry
wood and glue (inaudible) joints.

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As I was reading it in awe… so well,
I don\'t this kind of problems with,

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you know, with my chairs, you know, we use green
wood and I wonder they would work down there.

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We looked at various areas that Canadian
International Development Agency

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and the Honduras Forest department. We\'re
working in a project called, PDBL.

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And they gave one their jeeps, one of their
interpreters and we went to these different sides

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and talked to the villagers and
looked around and we came up here

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to (inaudible) which was the
side farthest away, everything

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and the only side that
indigenous people say

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and we scouted different fields here. There
was seemed to be more of community effort

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that we didn\'t fail and in some
of the other areas and we needed

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every advantage that we could get and we
thought if we could… we had a place where

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there was a community coming together, doing
things together. Then we had much better chance.

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[sil.]

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The first chair making
class was five years ago

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and Curtis has been coming to Honduras
several times a year ever since.

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Housé Pablo and Alexis were
two of his first students.

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[non-English narration]

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Over the years, their skills and
independence and have increased

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so that now they are able to
earn a living making chairs.

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[non-English narration]

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The Courtenay region of British Columbia.
Logging plays a major role in the economy

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of this resource based problems. And
many people rely on it for jobs.

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Industrial style logging is the norm here,

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usually done by large companies who
favor the efficiency of clear cutting.

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This produces huge quantities
of relatively low cost timber.

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Increased economic and
environmental pressures

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have meant that change is essential.
Re thinking forest management

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and finding ways of creating
new work have become critical.

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[music]

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The center for wood product is designed

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by the coutney\'s school for the arts
and in Nelson BC, is part of change.

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Internationally acclaimed designer

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and fine wood worker Michael Fortune is
the first director of the new program.

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He\'s worked with wood workers in Central
America using original furniture designs

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and in alternative wood. I am using
the woods that are available

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in the interior BC. And
rather than looking at that

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as a limitation, you know, I\'d see
what we\'re actually working with.

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This has been absolutely
stunningly beautiful.

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I\'m kind of amazed just, you know, how
over looked at the wood in this area is.

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Traditionally, it\'s gone into
the construction industry.

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What I\'m doing here in British
Columbia is very similar

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to the work that I\'ve done in
Southern Mexico and in Bails.

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It\'s just, perhaps, a matter
of scale, complexity,

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the amount of material
that you\'re handling.

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But the objective really is the same

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and that\'s attempting to
improve the human condition

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without hopefully destroying
your environment.

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[sil.]

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In El-carbon, Housé Pablo puts the
finishing touches on his chair rums.

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His pulley is the same basic design

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that produced Chippendale furniture.
A wrench checks the diameter.

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With only $50 worth of hand tools,

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Housé Pablo is earning and living.

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I really like the work

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and it provides a steady job. The
wood comes from our own land.

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So we don\'t spend anything on materials

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to make a chair. I knew that
once the chair was made,

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people would like it and would but it.

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[sil.]

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Word has spread La Ceiba, Honduras.

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A ton of a 100,000 is the sight
of a master chair making class.

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[non-English narration]

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Some of the first students from El
Carbon are learning how to apply new

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to wincer chairs and other complex designs,
trying out different kinds of local wood.

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[non-English narration]

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This is wood that doesn\'t
have a high commercial valve.

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It chose how much can be
done with just one tree.

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The idea of leaving more
trees standing than cut,

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now makes both economic
and environmental sense.

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And with the chairs here,
we really lucked out

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because the woods they use and a lot of
them aren\'t even nature canopy trees.

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Like the force that I\'m working in my behalf,
I\'m not sure 120 different (inaudible).

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And there\'s only a few that have much value

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and of course it did (inaudible) and once
the mohagini is removed from that forest

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and forest really doesn\'t
have much value economically

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to the campusino (inaudible)
or anybody else and…

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so the scenario sort of is to cut the forest and to
burn it to fertilize the ground so that can grow,

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you know, a few crops and of course what
we\'re trying to do and a lot of other people

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is to make the forest too valuable to burn.

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[sil.]

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One way of doing that is to
promote the use of alternatives

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or lesser known species.
Curtis and Michael Fortune

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belong to an international organization of
wood workers, whose aim is to spread the word

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about sustainable forest management and
the availability of lesser known species.

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Scott Landis is the founder. the market
has for so long been concentrated on

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relative handful of species

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in a place like Honduras, for example,
the prime export species are,

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that have been Mahagoni and seeder.

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But that\'s just a small fraction of the… literally
hundreds of species growing those forests.

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So the idea of using a
lesser known species is to…

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number one: take the heat, the
pressure off of those over harvested,

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severely over harvested woods

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and to create more value for the
whole forest. Lesser known species,

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a global idea, with applications to
the most specific of local places.

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This chair out here has two
different tabs in here.

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It\'s got clover de pava (inaudible), which
is the wood that we recently started using

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and then the fellows here that making then,

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have been trying another
species and this one out here

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is an younger that way wood (inaudible) which
is… this is the first time that I\'ve seen it

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and which is just fine.
I don\'t have to see it,

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you know, as long as it\'s working for them and they
plan the new species, that\'s, that\'s (inaudible).

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[music]

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In El carbon, change is
working for Housé Pablo.

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We learned that we don\'t have
to clear cut the forest.

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Instead, we can cut the tree
that no one else wants.

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It\'s different from the tradition
of wood that people cut.

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It\'s alternative wood and we\'ve
chosen it, knowing exactly

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how many chairs we\'re going
to make from each tree.

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We also know that not just one person
will benefit but rather the, all of us

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in the community will benefit.

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[sil.]

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This is Capuli Negro,

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and many call it the weave tree. It\'s
common all over Central America.

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One tree guarded as a nuisance,
it turns out that its bark soft,

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flexible and strong, ideal to
weave for the seats of chairs.

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[sil.]

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There\'s different ideas
about protecting forest,

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rain forest, cample (inaudible) forest, Burrell
forest whatever. And one of course is parks

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and preserves and bow spheres and
all that… those are great ideas

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and those are needed but you can\'t have
the area around those places the needed.

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So those areas will become, hopefully,
will become multi-use areas,

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where the people can live and can make a living
out of the forest by maintaining the forest.

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And in order for them to do that, the forest has
to give them some sort of economic benefit.

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[sil.]

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Nelson, British Columbia.
Can we have our forests

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and log them too? Can we cut fewer
trees and create more jobs in Canada?

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As layoff in the forest industry increase,

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where will new jobs come from?

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Michael Fortune\'s courses are
part of a three year program.

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The classes teach students,
the principles of good design

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and how to add value to
locally available wood.

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Like the students in El-Carbon. They\'re learning
how to make useful, marketable products.

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[sil.]

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I find that there is quite an incredible
parallel between what I\'ve done in Mexico

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and believes with what we\'re currently involved with
the (inaudible) of the Interior British Columbia.

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What we\'re doing in both cases is,

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using a renewable, hopefully
a natural resource

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to create finished goods that
are not using huge volumes

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of wood fiber and trees of course.
We\'re making more with less

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and that makes sense. Rather
than training out of,

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just an incredible volume of
a very inexpensive items.

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They\'re quite generic in nature. Whether
it\'s in Balis or British Columbia

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through value added by design, we\'re
able to add more value to our fiber.

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We\'ve to cut less trees. In
El carbon Housé Pablo\'s chair

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is taking shape. The bark quickly
transformed into a seat.

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[sil.]

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The product either sinks or swims

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according to the local people, which
is really the way it should be

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and it\'s been carried on
because it does work.

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It is the appropriate technology
and they can make money off of it.

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It is better work and better money than they can make
by burning the forest and subsistence agriculture.

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And so naturally they\'re gonna
take to it and it grows naturally,

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they see that these guys are making some money
off of this. The school, says that it\'s working.

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They use it as part of their curriculum.

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[sil.]

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There\'s scarce all over the place.

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You can drop by a little pooperia (inaudible), a little
store where they\'re sitting out front playing cards

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and they\'re sitting in
chairs made by my students,

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you know, it\'s just wonderful.

00:21:30.000 --> 00:21:38.000
[sil.]

00:21:40.000 --> 00:21:44.999
The project makes sense to
the people of El carbon.

00:21:45.000 --> 00:21:49.999
There role in shaping it is an
important part of its success.

00:21:50.000 --> 00:21:54.999
Unlike so many other places in
the south and in the north,

00:21:55.000 --> 00:21:59.999
this one is one a new path.

00:22:00.000 --> 00:22:04.999
[music]

00:22:05.000 --> 00:22:09.999
Not far away from El Carbon, in another part
of the mountains, a group of campesinos

00:22:10.000 --> 00:22:14.999
is also cutting trees to
help preserve their forest.

00:22:15.000 --> 00:22:19.999
[sil.]

00:22:20.000 --> 00:22:24.999
As part of the Canada Honduras Development
Plan, these campesinos had been timber rights

00:22:25.000 --> 00:22:29.999
to a section of forest for 40 years.

00:22:30.000 --> 00:22:34.999
The arrangement with the Honduran government is
this. In return for drawing up a management plan,

00:22:35.000 --> 00:22:39.999
that will harvest the forest sustainably,
the campesinos are given control

00:22:40.000 --> 00:22:44.999
of one part.

00:22:45.000 --> 00:22:49.999
They\'re also allowed to use chainsaws, faster and
more efficient than the hand pitch sawing method.

00:22:50.000 --> 00:22:54.999
The theory is sound but
the realty a struggle.

00:22:55.000 --> 00:22:59.999
[sil.]

00:23:00.000 --> 00:23:04.999
Our production is very small scale.
We don\'t have a good market yet.

00:23:05.000 --> 00:23:09.999
So the prices we get are low.
Using the chain saw

00:23:10.000 --> 00:23:14.999
helps us produce a bit more and
increase our income a little.

00:23:15.000 --> 00:23:19.999
But we are stealing that with only
25 cents of net income per foot.

00:23:20.000 --> 00:23:24.999
What makes it harder to develop our market

00:23:25.000 --> 00:23:29.999
is competition from the black market, the
wood that is taken out of here illegally.

00:23:30.000 --> 00:23:34.999
[sil.]

00:23:35.000 --> 00:23:39.999
Those who use wood, want
to buy legally logged wood

00:23:40.000 --> 00:23:44.999
because it\'s cheaper. Also ours is
none the traditional dark wood.

00:23:45.000 --> 00:23:49.999
It\'s like (inaudible) and it\'s
more expensive to buy from us.

00:23:50.000 --> 00:23:54.999
The challenges are formidable
but the premise of this plan

00:23:55.000 --> 00:23:59.999
is that forestry problems in
Honduras cannot be resolved

00:24:00.000 --> 00:24:04.999
if the basic needs of people to earn a living
are ignored. All communities must benefit.

00:24:05.000 --> 00:24:09.999
Improving forest management

00:24:10.000 --> 00:24:14.999
and training community forest
recall ops are two initiatives.

00:24:15.000 --> 00:24:19.999
The development of new markets is crucial,

00:24:20.000 --> 00:24:24.999
especially if small labour intensive groups
are to compete with illegally logged wood

00:24:25.000 --> 00:24:29.999
as well as the scale, volume and power

00:24:30.000 --> 00:24:34.999
of the large companies, who dominate
the forest and the street globally,

00:24:35.000 --> 00:24:39.999
supplying our seemingly
insatiable demand for wood.

00:24:40.000 --> 00:24:48.000
[sil.]

00:24:55.000 --> 00:24:59.999
The state of Wahaka, in Southern Mexico.

00:25:00.000 --> 00:25:04.999
[music]

00:25:05.000 --> 00:25:09.999
It\'s possible to move through
nine different ecological zones

00:25:10.000 --> 00:25:14.999
in the matter of hours in this
remarkably diverse part of Mexico.

00:25:15.000 --> 00:25:23.000
[music]

00:25:45.000 --> 00:25:49.999
This is Ixtlan del (inaudible)

00:25:50.000 --> 00:25:54.999
a town 2,300 indigenous
zappletech (inaudible).

00:25:55.000 --> 00:25:59.999
The first thing that strikes you

00:26:00.000 --> 00:26:04.999
when you enter Ixtlan is that, here
is a place that people care about.

00:26:05.000 --> 00:26:09.999
It has a confident air of quiet prosperity.

00:26:10.000 --> 00:26:14.999
The streets are clean, the
houses freshly painted,

00:26:15.000 --> 00:26:19.999
the shops well organized. Not what you might expect
from a town dependent of the forest industry

00:26:20.000 --> 00:26:24.999
in one of Mexico\'s poorest states.

00:26:25.000 --> 00:26:29.999
Children become familiar with
the ecology of their home place

00:26:30.000 --> 00:26:34.999
at an early age. This is the
zappleteck\'s traditional land.

00:26:35.000 --> 00:26:39.999
In the 1980s they waged a long court battle

00:26:40.000 --> 00:26:44.999
to get their timber license back from a private
company. They eventually reclaimed their land

00:26:45.000 --> 00:26:49.999
and with it, control of their future.

00:26:50.000 --> 00:26:54.999
[sil.]

00:26:55.000 --> 00:26:59.999
Gustavo Ramirez, is a biologist

00:27:00.000 --> 00:27:04.999
who has come back to
work with his community.

00:27:05.000 --> 00:27:09.999
Language is so important as
part of our cultural identity

00:27:10.000 --> 00:27:14.999
but also as an important way to communicate.
Our children begin to learn the names

00:27:15.000 --> 00:27:19.999
of local plant and places in our
zappoteck (inaudible) language.

00:27:20.000 --> 00:27:24.999
We tried to have and elder
who used to come with us

00:27:25.000 --> 00:27:29.999
to tell us stories and legends about each
place. So our language allows us to connect

00:27:30.000 --> 00:27:34.999
with the experiences of the past

00:27:35.000 --> 00:27:39.999
and with many traditions
that are handed down orally.

00:27:40.000 --> 00:27:44.999
[music]

00:27:45.000 --> 00:27:49.999
What makes a town a community and
what does the sense of community

00:27:50.000 --> 00:27:54.999
have to do with how you
look at life in the future.

00:27:55.000 --> 00:27:59.999
Each land has been able to
integrate traditions from the past

00:28:00.000 --> 00:28:04.999
with the pragmatic openness
to new ideas and change.

00:28:05.000 --> 00:28:09.999
[music]

00:28:10.000 --> 00:28:14.999
Ixtlan, refers to both the
town and the surrounding land.

00:28:15.000 --> 00:28:19.999
People here have long held the
strong sense of their independence.

00:28:20.000 --> 00:28:24.999
The sign on the municipal
office says it all.

00:28:25.000 --> 00:28:29.999
The free and sovereign
municipal of Ixtlan Juarez.

00:28:30.000 --> 00:28:34.999
A statue commemorates a
battle waged in 1497

00:28:35.000 --> 00:28:39.999
but people here talk about it
as if it occurred yesterday.

00:28:40.000 --> 00:28:44.999
So immediate is the sense
of their own history.

00:28:45.000 --> 00:28:49.999
This church was built by the
people themselves in 1734.

00:28:50.000 --> 00:28:54.999
[music]

00:28:55.000 --> 00:28:59.999
The zappotech are one of the
few indigenous Mexican peoples

00:29:00.000 --> 00:29:04.999
never conquered by the
Spanish or the Aztecs.

00:29:05.000 --> 00:29:09.999
[music]

00:29:10.000 --> 00:29:14.999
Whether it\'s building a
church 250 years ago

00:29:15.000 --> 00:29:19.999
or managing a forest today, working together
is part of a long held tradition here.

00:29:20.000 --> 00:29:24.999
[sil.]

00:29:25.000 --> 00:29:29.999
This saw mill is one of two
community owned mills.

00:29:30.000 --> 00:29:34.999
Most of the workers are women.

00:29:35.000 --> 00:29:39.999
This would be unusual in North America,
even more remarkable here in Mexico.

00:29:40.000 --> 00:29:44.999
Another reflection of Ixtlan\'s ability

00:29:45.000 --> 00:29:49.999
to retain traditions while
adapting to change.

00:29:50.000 --> 00:29:54.999
It\'s who decides how a
forest is used and managed

00:29:55.000 --> 00:29:59.999
that makes the crucial difference, Tim siynnott. If
the communities don\'t get the benefits themselves,

00:30:00.000 --> 00:30:04.999
they quickly realize that the best thing to do
with this forest for them is to get rid of it.

00:30:05.000 --> 00:30:09.999
They can control the coffee plantations,
they can control their own lifestyle,

00:30:10.000 --> 00:30:14.999
they can control their agricultural crop. If they can\'t
control the forests and what happens to the benefit,

00:30:15.000 --> 00:30:19.999
they quickly learn the best thing is to get rid of it
and replace it with something that they can control.

00:30:20.000 --> 00:30:24.999
Here the people do control their forest

00:30:25.000 --> 00:30:29.999
and for centuries, they did so
using their traditional knowledge.

00:30:30.000 --> 00:30:34.999
It\'s as if the old and new
methods of managing the forests

00:30:35.000 --> 00:30:39.999
have come together and in that way we
can ensure that our conditional ways

00:30:40.000 --> 00:30:44.999
are preserved along with the forest itself.

00:30:45.000 --> 00:30:49.999
For example, communities have learned not to
cut trees above or below a certain altitude.

00:30:50.000 --> 00:30:54.999
And in between that leaves large
untouched areas of forest.

00:30:55.000 --> 00:30:59.999
That\'s what we\'ve done traditionally here.

00:31:00.000 --> 00:31:04.999
Knowing where to cut and where
not to cut trees is all part

00:31:05.000 --> 00:31:09.999
of planning the use of our land.

00:31:10.000 --> 00:31:14.999
[sil.]

00:31:15.000 --> 00:31:19.999
Selective cutting of selective
trees is very different

00:31:20.000 --> 00:31:24.999
from clear cutting whole areas. The
two methods reflect different needs,

00:31:25.000 --> 00:31:29.999
proprieties, and values.

00:31:30.000 --> 00:31:34.999
One priority is to enable people

00:31:35.000 --> 00:31:39.999
to stay in their home place.

00:31:40.000 --> 00:31:44.999
The forest workers committee
is a very important idea

00:31:45.000 --> 00:31:49.999
because it helps generating jobs. This
helps stop people migrating to the cities,

00:31:50.000 --> 00:31:54.999
which is a very common practice here.

00:31:55.000 --> 00:31:59.999
The committee tries to come up with new
activities that we produce more jobs

00:32:00.000 --> 00:32:04.999
and in that way, allow more
people the means to live here.

00:32:05.000 --> 00:32:09.999
So this is why we have the saw mill,
which provides a lot of work.

00:32:10.000 --> 00:32:14.999
It is one of the areas in the management
of the forest and the use of the forest

00:32:15.000 --> 00:32:19.999
that produces the most jobs.

00:32:20.000 --> 00:32:24.999
Before regaining the control of its forests,
the raw logs went out of Ixnlan to be milled.

00:32:25.000 --> 00:32:29.999
The jobs went too, as in so
many places around the world.

00:32:30.000 --> 00:32:34.999
It\'s been said that the biggest
export in the state of Wahaka

00:32:35.000 --> 00:32:39.999
is its people, people who have left
for the cities in search of work.

00:32:40.000 --> 00:32:44.999
Now over 80% of the jobs in Ixtlan

00:32:45.000 --> 00:32:49.999
come from forestry and the profits
from these ventures stay here as well.

00:32:50.000 --> 00:32:54.999
[sil.]

00:32:55.000 --> 00:32:59.999
The community has two concerns. First, how to
reduce the number of trees that are cut each year.

00:33:00.000 --> 00:33:04.999
And second, how to generate more jobs
and more options for the community.

00:33:05.000 --> 00:33:09.999
So we\'ve come up of the idea
of the furniture factory

00:33:10.000 --> 00:33:14.999
and the crafts work shop.

00:33:15.000 --> 00:33:19.999
Making lumber out of the log
adds value to that log.

00:33:20.000 --> 00:33:24.999
Making something else out of that
lumber adds even more value,

00:33:25.000 --> 00:33:29.999
and so on.

00:33:30.000 --> 00:33:34.999
Revenue from these ventures
is used for social services

00:33:35.000 --> 00:33:39.999
like health care and education.

00:33:40.000 --> 00:33:44.999
[sil.]

00:33:45.000 --> 00:33:49.999
In logging towns all over
the world, you can be sure,

00:33:50.000 --> 00:33:54.999
most kids are going to leave. But here in Ixtlan,
working to provide a future for young people

00:33:55.000 --> 00:33:59.999
is recognized as an essential
and detainable goal.

00:34:00.000 --> 00:34:04.999
Jobs and trees, it hinges
on who is making decisions

00:34:05.000 --> 00:34:09.999
and choosing priorities, that is,

00:34:10.000 --> 00:34:14.999
where the sources of power are within the
society. Long term development cannot occur

00:34:15.000 --> 00:34:19.999
unless the vast majority of the people
begin to participate in real ways

00:34:20.000 --> 00:34:24.999
with in the decision making of the society.
Basically what we began to realize

00:34:25.000 --> 00:34:29.999
for the last five or ten years is it,
if you take the different factors

00:34:30.000 --> 00:34:34.999
that are absolutely necessary for, say a
development process to maintain itself

00:34:35.000 --> 00:34:39.999
over a long period of time. These
factors would be such things

00:34:40.000 --> 00:34:44.999
as people being able to work together in
organizations, people being able to make an income

00:34:45.000 --> 00:34:49.999
and have a little bit of income. People being
able to… People having self confidence,

00:34:50.000 --> 00:34:54.999
believing that they\'re capable of carrying on this
process, people having certain amount of knowledge,

00:34:55.000 --> 00:34:59.999
technical knowledge so forth. If we look at these
factors, it\'s interesting that they coincide perfectly

00:35:00.000 --> 00:35:04.999
with social scientists for years have
identified as the sources of power

00:35:05.000 --> 00:35:09.999
within the society in education, money,
self respect and self confidence.

00:35:10.000 --> 00:35:14.999
They are exactly the same factor so
if we want sustainable development,

00:35:15.000 --> 00:35:19.999
we want development to
continue year after year,

00:35:20.000 --> 00:35:24.999
we have to be willing to allow
people to become empowered.

00:35:25.000 --> 00:35:29.999
[sil.]

00:35:30.000 --> 00:35:34.999
Where does the motivation for change come from, and
where does the power to implement to change lie?

00:35:35.000 --> 00:35:39.999
[sil.]

00:35:40.000 --> 00:35:44.999
This mill in La Ceiba,
Honduras, is run by a co-op

00:35:45.000 --> 00:35:49.999
of 11 different groups, who are trying
to increase the value of their wood.

00:35:50.000 --> 00:35:54.999
Increasing the value means
having the wood certified,

00:35:55.000 --> 00:35:59.999
a way of telling buyers
that it comes from a forest

00:36:00.000 --> 00:36:04.999
leading certain standards of
sustainable forest management.

00:36:05.000 --> 00:36:09.999
But how do you go about
having your forest certified?

00:36:10.000 --> 00:36:14.999
How do you even agree what\'s a state
ability means. Let alone set standards.

00:36:15.000 --> 00:36:19.999
Criteria for certification
have been agreed upon

00:36:20.000 --> 00:36:24.999
by an international group in Wahaka,
the Forest Stewardship Council,

00:36:25.000 --> 00:36:29.999
executive director Tim Synnott. The area
of forests in many countries is declining.

00:36:30.000 --> 00:36:34.999
The quality of the forests is declining.
The public is concerned.

00:36:35.000 --> 00:36:39.999
The public no longer believes the
statements made by most governments,

00:36:40.000 --> 00:36:44.999
most forest industries and
indeed most foresters,

00:36:45.000 --> 00:36:49.999
about how well their forests are being managed.
They feel that they have been deceived

00:36:50.000 --> 00:36:54.999
by past practices. The result of past and present
practices is forest destruction and degradation.

00:36:55.000 --> 00:36:59.999
They\'re looking for some
independent, credible assurance

00:37:00.000 --> 00:37:04.999
about claims relating to forest management.
Independent certification

00:37:05.000 --> 00:37:09.999
provides those that assurance. In a way that can
be used for market claims and for product labels.

00:37:10.000 --> 00:37:14.999
2 Climate falls in southern Oregon,

00:37:15.000 --> 00:37:19.999
Cullens wood, a family owned
business for over a 140 years

00:37:20.000 --> 00:37:24.999
has managed to thrive in a
volatile industry in part,

00:37:25.000 --> 00:37:29.999
because they\'ve always maintained certain
principles of responsible forest management.

00:37:30.000 --> 00:37:34.999
This mill is turning out plywood. Its
machines are similar to any other

00:37:35.000 --> 00:37:39.999
but there\'s a difference. It\'s
one of the few in North America

00:37:40.000 --> 00:37:44.999
that produces certified plywood.

00:37:45.000 --> 00:37:49.999
The huge lathe turns logs onto
sheets of (inaudible) in seconds.

00:37:50.000 --> 00:37:58.000
[sil.]

00:38:00.000 --> 00:38:04.999
The Cullens wood,
certification makes sense,

00:38:05.000 --> 00:38:09.999
Marketing Vice President, Wade Mosbei. The certification
has been able to differentiate us in a couple ways.

00:38:10.000 --> 00:38:14.999
First, it\'s improved our public image, we\'ve
been a very quiet private family owned company,

00:38:15.000 --> 00:38:19.999
and we sort of stepped to the forefront,
we were the first privately owned forest

00:38:20.000 --> 00:38:24.999
in North America to undergo certification.
And because of that,

00:38:25.000 --> 00:38:29.999
we developed some alliances with people that I would\'ve
told two years before, I would\'ve been very skeptical.

00:38:30.000 --> 00:38:34.999
I was raised in rural communities,
come from lumber family

00:38:35.000 --> 00:38:39.999
and I would tell you this small
communities that I lived in

00:38:40.000 --> 00:38:44.999
we\'re timber based operations
and quite frankly, we,

00:38:45.000 --> 00:38:49.999
we were civil to environmentalists, we were
in league with them, that was for sure.

00:38:50.000 --> 00:38:54.999
So this was a new experience, we found ourselves
being held up somewhat as a poster child

00:38:55.000 --> 00:38:59.999
by some of the more moderate
environmental group.

00:39:00.000 --> 00:39:04.999
[sil.]

00:39:05.000 --> 00:39:09.999
Once, there we\'re over
50 mills in this area,

00:39:10.000 --> 00:39:14.999
today only three remain. When
they began shutting down

00:39:15.000 --> 00:39:19.999
a lot of people were put out of work
I a region with few other options.

00:39:20.000 --> 00:39:24.999
Traditionally, many parts of the north by concentrating
on the jobs and the logging and feeding the sawmills,

00:39:25.000 --> 00:39:29.999
they end up with no forests and no jobs.

00:39:30.000 --> 00:39:34.999
Equally, it\'s pushed too hard the other
way, no extraction, total conservation

00:39:35.000 --> 00:39:39.999
in certain countries, so sure precious
(inaudible) become great for land,

00:39:40.000 --> 00:39:44.999
for raw materials and for jobs that
the forests made themselves be put

00:39:45.000 --> 00:39:49.999
at risk by social pressures
sweeping the forest away,

00:39:50.000 --> 00:39:54.999
that happens in many tropical countries.
What we\'re trying to promote is

00:39:55.000 --> 00:39:59.999
the kind of long term forest
managements which guarantees

00:40:00.000 --> 00:40:04.999
the long-term existence of the forest,
guarantees ling term production

00:40:05.000 --> 00:40:09.999
as well as long-term biodiversity
conservation and long-term jobs.

00:40:10.000 --> 00:40:18.000
[sil.]

00:40:20.000 --> 00:40:24.999
Jobs and trees,

00:40:25.000 --> 00:40:29.999
by way of certification and
conscious consumer choice.

00:40:30.000 --> 00:40:34.999
The demand for certified wood is
growing, I like in it to snowball,

00:40:35.000 --> 00:40:39.999
we\'re at the top of the hill and we\'re just starting
to roll now. I can tell you we were virtually alone,

00:40:40.000 --> 00:40:44.999
they were a handful of people three, four
years ago that had certified lumber.

00:40:45.000 --> 00:40:49.999
There are now something… the
order several million acres

00:40:50.000 --> 00:40:54.999
that have certified forest lands in North
America alone and I don\'t how many

00:40:55.000 --> 00:40:59.999
and many millions in the tropics as well.
That\'s still just a drop in the bucket

00:41:00.000 --> 00:41:04.999
in terms of the volume of timberland

00:41:05.000 --> 00:41:09.999
that\'s being harvested, but it\'s a start.

00:41:10.000 --> 00:41:14.999
Portland, Oregon. The joinery, a
furniture factory and showroom

00:41:15.000 --> 00:41:19.999
again with a difference. Lin Sanders.

00:41:20.000 --> 00:41:24.999
We do a lot of our work in Cherry or Maple,

00:41:25.000 --> 00:41:29.999
which is all certified here at the
joinery, the joinery also certified here

00:41:30.000 --> 00:41:34.999
and that\'s very important thing for us as a company
to be able to offer this to our customers.

00:41:35.000 --> 00:41:39.999
And it\'s important to some of our
customers more and more as time goes on.

00:41:40.000 --> 00:41:44.999
There are some countries,
particularly in western Europe

00:41:45.000 --> 00:41:49.999
where already these labeled products
from certified forests are appearing,

00:41:50.000 --> 00:41:54.999
are being sold in massive quantities in the stores
which customers are getting in to everyday.

00:41:55.000 --> 00:41:59.999
In United Kingdom, there are something like

00:42:00.000 --> 00:42:04.999
3,000 different items carrying our
trade mark. Kitchen implements, doors,

00:42:05.000 --> 00:42:09.999
flooring, plywood, paper products including
wallpaper, including lavatory paper,

00:42:10.000 --> 00:42:14.999
soon to include writing paper
carrying our trademark.

00:42:15.000 --> 00:42:19.999
So this message is already known to the audience in certain
countries. It other countries, it hasn\'t yet reached the stores.

00:42:20.000 --> 00:42:24.999
In a store near you, this
will soon be appearing.

00:42:25.000 --> 00:42:29.999
[music]

00:42:30.000 --> 00:42:34.999
In the beginning there was the source,

00:42:35.000 --> 00:42:39.999
the forest with all its
biological diversity.

00:42:40.000 --> 00:42:44.999
Whether it\'s in Honduras,

00:42:45.000 --> 00:42:49.999
Mexico or Canada. People need work tomorrow

00:42:50.000 --> 00:42:54.999
as well as today. So the forest must last,

00:42:55.000 --> 00:42:59.999
if it is to continue supporting
both biodiversity and human life.

00:43:00.000 --> 00:43:04.999
[music]

00:43:05.000 --> 00:43:09.999
These Honduran women are
learning how to make chairs.

00:43:10.000 --> 00:43:14.999
Alexis, one of Curtis\'s
students teaching them.

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Traditionally, their life choices have been
limited. Now there are options for the future.

00:43:20.000 --> 00:43:24.999
With skills, come the possibility of work,

00:43:25.000 --> 00:43:29.999
income, and independence.

00:43:30.000 --> 00:43:34.999
The joinery sells beautiful,

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high-end certified wood products.

00:43:40.000 --> 00:43:44.999
Michael Fortune teaches how to do more with
local wood. Housé Pablo makes resting chairs

00:43:45.000 --> 00:43:49.999
out of local lesser known species
from well managed force.

00:43:50.000 --> 00:43:54.999
There is no direct link between all these

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but they are all part of the same effort.
People and communities

00:44:00.000 --> 00:44:04.999
actively creating sustainable solutions
for themselves and in the end,

00:44:05.000 --> 00:44:10.000
for all of us, Jobs and trees.

00:45:10.000 --> 00:45:15.000
[sil.]