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10:00:54,440 --> 10:00:56,800
Good morning.
Get up, get up.

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You’re all going to school, Ra’ida!

3
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Get up.
It’s time to go to school.

4
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Come along, Samar.
Wake up now.

5
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-School’s only in the afternoon.
-No, it’s in the morning.

6
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Shuroug, up you get.
It’s morning, my dear.

7
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-Why?
-Everyone’s going to school.

8
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The curfew’s over.

9
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Are you awake yet? Do you want
to go back to sleep? Give me a kiss!

10
10:01:39,240 --> 10:01:41,600
Go back to sleep then.

11
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You’re late. It’s 6.35.

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I don’t want any bread,
I want to get going.

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-But you must have breakfast.
-I don’t want breakfast. I hope to die.

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What do you know about Jabalia?

15
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We know the history.
We know what we need to know.

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What is its history?

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It’s been a refugee camp for 40 years.

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That’s how they live.
That’s how they want to live.

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What do you do on the roof here?

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Checking it’s all quiet.
Why get in there and stir things up?

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With everything quiet, we sit here.
We live our lives, they live theirs.

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You work, you finish, you go home.
We don’t interfere in their lives.

23
10:03:04,800 --> 10:03:10,760
You’re late.
Hurry up.

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We don’t enjoy sitting here like cops.
Nor do our commanders.

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The people don’t enjoy it either.

26
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-What do you think is the solution?
-Me?

27
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-I would return it to them.
-To whom?

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-The Palestinians. The West Bank and Gaza.
-That’s what I feel, too.

29
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But Israel doesn’t
want to negotiate, do they?

30
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When that day comes,
they probably will.

31
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Then we might have a new
government that wants to negotiate.

32
10:03:51,560 --> 10:03:54,480
Thank you very much.

33
10:03:56,200 --> 10:04:02,720
I promise you that you’ll find much more
nice places than this place to photograph.

34
10:04:02,800 --> 10:04:07,200
I can suggest a few places if you’re
interested, but you don’t look interested.

35
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-What’s wrong with this?
-Nothing. But what …

36
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What’s interesting with this?

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-What do you want to know?
-The solution to the problem.

38
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We can’t tell you the solution.

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If we had the solution,
we probably wouldn’t be here.

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One spring day in 1948
English language newspaper Palestine Post

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announced in its headlines
that the state of Israel was born.

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Now, Israel has celebrated
its tenth national day

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with religious processions, torchlit
parades, dance shows, sports competitions.

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The Zionists’ colonization of Israel.

45
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It began long before
the state of Israel existed.

46
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This photo was taken in 1909.
Some colonists founded a new town.

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10:06:34,480 --> 10:06:38,040
They named the place Tel Aviv,
“Spring Hill”.

48
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And today there’s a city here with
300,000 inhabitants and heavy industries.

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It is a city with
a fast-pulsating rhythm of life.

50
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In the 1920s, Jerusalem was
just a simple provincial town.

51
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Now the Jewish part of the 4000
year old city is the capital of Israel.

52
10:07:13,160 --> 10:07:16,640
So how did all this happen?

53
10:07:16,720 --> 10:07:21,560
Well, before we get into
today’s current situation,

54
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I will broadly outline the background

55
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which might give a slightly
deeper perspective on today’s Israel.

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The movement we call Zionism arose,
so to speak, in the wake

57
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of various nationalist movements
in Europe during the 19th century.

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There were many Jewish intellectuals who
were struck by despair and despondency

59
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under the pressure of the anti-Semitic
currents in Germany and France,

60
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and the persecution of Jews
in the so-called pogroms

61
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in Poland and Russia during
the second half of the 19th century.

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In their bitterness they fell
back on the longing for Zion

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that the Jewish religion had
preserved for century after century.

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10:08:21,160 --> 10:08:28,840
They also wanted to found a new society,
free from class hatred and class struggle.

65
10:08:29,880 --> 10:08:33,760
The work that initiated
modern political Zionism

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10:08:33,840 --> 10:08:37,240
was Theodor Herzl’s ‘The Jewish State’.

67
10:08:37,320 --> 10:08:42,560
And it was his iron will that made
the various Zionist associations

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join together into
a unified world organization.

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In the meantime,
the organization’s leadership worked

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to enlist support and sympathy
from the superpowers.

71
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The British government stated
in the Balfour Declaration

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that it welcomed the establishment

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of a national home for
the Jewish people in Palestine.

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Then, following the First World War,
Great Britain received

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the League of Nations
mandate over Palestine.

76
10:09:19,280 --> 10:09:21,880
The Jewish immigration
began in earnest,

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and from 1920 until World War II
the Jewish population increased in number

78
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from about 80,000
to close to half a million.

79
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But this beautiful picture had
a very dark and serious side.

80
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During the First World War

81
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the British had made one
too many promises for the future.

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They had also promised the Arabs
national independence.

83
10:09:55,440 --> 10:10:02,520
And in the mid-30s, a great Arab uprising
erupted in Palestine.

84
10:10:04,240 --> 10:10:12,120
Finally, just before World War II,
Great Britain gave in to Arab nationalism.

85
10:10:13,360 --> 10:10:17,880
The British government
declared that within ten years

86
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Palestine would be an Arab state

87
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where the Jews would only
have minority rights.

88
10:10:29,880 --> 10:10:33,480
While millions of Jews

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10:10:33,560 --> 10:10:38,240
were being exterminated
in Hitler’s gas chambers,

90
10:10:38,320 --> 10:10:41,840
the gates of Palestine were closed

91
10:10:41,920 --> 10:10:48,920
to those who managed
to escape from occupied Europe.

92
10:11:26,160 --> 10:11:32,160
And by the mid-40s, the Jewish resistance
set off bombs everywhere in Palestine.

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It was a time of devastation.

94
10:11:35,040 --> 10:11:40,040
A time of violent attacks from the Jewish
terrorist organizations Irgun and Stern.

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10:11:40,120 --> 10:11:44,640
Britain decided to push
the troublesome Palestinian issue aside

96
10:11:44,720 --> 10:11:48,240
and handed the mandate
over to the United Nations.

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10:11:49,920 --> 10:11:55,080
The delegates discussed the division of
Palestine into a Jewish and an Arab state.

98
10:11:55,160 --> 10:11:58,920
And despite the Arabs
declaring that they would rather fight,

99
10:11:59,000 --> 10:12:01,400
the assembly voted for a division.

100
10:12:02,560 --> 10:12:07,280
According to the UN commission,
the Arab state would include

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10:12:07,360 --> 10:12:12,040
the western part of Galilee,
Samaria, and Judea.

102
10:12:12,120 --> 10:12:16,680
The Israeli state would include
the eastern part of Galilee

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and the coastal plain
along the Mediterranean Sea,

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from Haifa to the area
south of Tel Aviv.

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10:12:24,520 --> 10:12:31,080
Israel would also receive
the majority of the great Negev Desert.

106
10:12:31,160 --> 10:12:34,200
Jerusalem would be
neither Arab nor Jewish,

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10:12:34,280 --> 10:12:37,080
but be administered
by the United Nations.

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10:12:39,080 --> 10:12:44,240
On 14 May 1948,
the British mandate ended

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and the Union Jack was flown for
the last time by the British in Palestine.

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10:12:55,320 --> 10:12:58,360
The strong man of the Jews,
David Ben-Gurion,

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10:12:58,440 --> 10:13:03,960
now proclaimed the first Jewish state
in Palestine for almost 2000 years.

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10:13:14,400 --> 10:13:19,480
Israel’s declaration of independence became
the signal for the Arab states to invade.

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10:13:19,560 --> 10:13:22,040
Egyptian forces moved
in from the south,

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10:13:22,120 --> 10:13:24,640
Syrian and Iraqi troops from the north,

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10:13:24,720 --> 10:13:29,320
and the famous Jordanian Arab Legion
penetrated, as we can see here,

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into the Old City of Jerusalem.

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10:13:32,960 --> 10:13:34,960
But the Israeli forces,

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having been built up during the latter
days of the mandate, resisted fiercely,

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and soon seized the initiative
in the North and South.

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10:13:44,960 --> 10:13:51,240
Arab refugees moved away from
Palestine to Jordan and the Gaza area.

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10:13:58,640 --> 10:14:05,760
Through the ceasefire, Israel expanded a bit
more than the UN had originally planned.

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10:14:05,840 --> 10:14:10,200
In Jerusalem the demarcation line
went right through the city.

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10:14:10,280 --> 10:14:15,480
The Old City remained in the hands
of the Jordanian Arab Legion.

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10:14:43,440 --> 10:14:46,200
My name is Mirjam Lederberger.

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10:14:46,280 --> 10:14:51,840
I emigrated to Israel at the founding
of the state in 1948, from Sweden.

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10:14:51,920 --> 10:14:55,560
First of all, when it comes
to the matter of housing,

127
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you can buy an apartment with
very convenient payment terms.

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10:15:02,080 --> 10:15:06,920
On the corner there’s a self-service
co-op store where I prefer to shop,

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10:15:07,000 --> 10:15:13,040
as I know that dairy products and vegetables
are day-fresh from the cooperative farms.

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10:15:13,120 --> 10:15:17,920
Not far from my home is a clinic
where we have our family doctor.

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10:15:18,000 --> 10:15:22,880
Should we require hospitalisation,
we have cooperative hospitals,

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10:15:22,960 --> 10:15:28,040
some of which are built according to
the Swedish model where all care is free.

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10:15:30,720 --> 10:15:37,000
The state of Israel is one
of the youngest in the world.

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10:15:37,080 --> 10:15:44,480
And it’s being established by one of
the most ancient peoples, of 4000 years,

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10:15:44,560 --> 10:15:51,920
after 2000 years of dispersion
and unparalleled persecutions.

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10:15:52,920 --> 10:15:59,800
Bearing a great and precious heritage from
the past its face is turned to the future.

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10:16:01,600 --> 10:16:03,880
This is Avdat,
in the middle of the Negev.

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10:16:03,960 --> 10:16:07,360
Here, it rains less than
200 millimetres a year.

139
10:16:07,440 --> 10:16:11,800
Water is still the main problem
when trying to farm the desert.

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10:16:11,880 --> 10:16:14,080
Its soil is often fertile.

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10:16:14,160 --> 10:16:19,040
Let’s hear what Secretary of Agriculture
General Moshe Dayan has to say.

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10:16:19,120 --> 10:16:24,400
As it happens, we have our water
in the northern part of the country.

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10:16:24,480 --> 10:16:29,560
And also the main rainfall is
in the northern part of the country,

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10:16:29,640 --> 10:16:34,520
while the main land is
in the southern part of the country.

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10:16:34,600 --> 10:16:37,480
Through these pipes,
the rain-rich north

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10:16:37,560 --> 10:16:41,280
will quench the constant thirst
of the rain-poor south

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10:16:41,360 --> 10:16:43,960
and heal the desert’s wounds.

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10:16:56,920 --> 10:17:01,120
In this parched land,
dedication and skill

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10:17:01,200 --> 10:17:06,560
have made the dream
of the millennia a reality.

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10:17:13,120 --> 10:17:17,720
Before the Jews cultivated this land,
it was a land of bare mountains and hills.

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10:17:17,800 --> 10:17:22,640
Scorched earth,
hopelessness, misery and begging.

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10:17:25,120 --> 10:17:27,440
This is the pride of Israel.

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10:17:27,520 --> 10:17:31,240
Every tree we see here on the way
down from Jerusalem and Tel-Aviv,

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10:17:31,320 --> 10:17:36,520
every tree is planted.
Many are donated.

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10:17:36,600 --> 10:17:42,440
All these millions of trees are
a people’s gift to their land and future.

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10:17:47,680 --> 10:17:51,280
It’s difficult to say which is
the most extraordinary event.

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10:17:51,360 --> 10:17:54,120
The restoration of Israel
after 2000 years?

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10:17:54,200 --> 10:17:58,600
Or the fusion of 1 million immigrants
from 102 different countries,

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10:17:58,680 --> 10:18:03,800
speaking 72 different languages,
into a moral and cultural unity?

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10:18:03,880 --> 10:18:08,360
A whole world was in doubt,
but the wonder is a fact.

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10:18:25,600 --> 10:18:32,960
So, what is Israel to those who receive
a sanctuary, a home and a new future?

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10:18:34,320 --> 10:18:38,840
I was born in Poland,
where I received a Zionist upbringing.

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10:18:38,920 --> 10:18:43,040
The difficult experiences
in the concentration camp

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10:18:43,120 --> 10:18:47,920
has further strengthened
my aspiration to come to Israel.

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10:18:48,000 --> 10:18:55,440
After the war I had a wonderful
time in Sweden, where I got a home.

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10:18:55,520 --> 10:19:00,840
I enjoyed myself very much,
gained a new faith in life and people.

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10:19:00,920 --> 10:19:05,320
But despite this,
it’s only here in Israel

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10:19:05,400 --> 10:19:09,160
that I can honour
my murdered families memory.

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10:19:44,280 --> 10:19:49,880
The majority of the country’s
200,000 Arabs lives in Galilee and Negev.

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10:19:49,960 --> 10:19:53,760
I should point out
that the Arabs have full civil rights.

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10:19:53,840 --> 10:19:58,240
Voting rights, political parties,
and representatives in the Knesset.

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10:19:58,320 --> 10:20:01,720
However, the Arabs
do not serve in the army.

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10:20:01,800 --> 10:20:06,720
Gender equality in Israel gives Arab
women the right to vote for the first time,

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10:20:06,800 --> 10:20:10,640
the right to equal pay and the same
educational opportunities as men.

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10:20:10,720 --> 10:20:14,840
Slowly this loosens
the patriarchal outlook.

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10:20:33,440 --> 10:20:39,120
I recently published a book
called ‘Jerusalem in Barbed-Wire’ …

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10:20:50,200 --> 10:20:55,640
I must say that I,
like most who travel there, I suppose,

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10:20:55,720 --> 10:20:59,480
am struck by the seriousness
of the problems.

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10:20:59,560 --> 10:21:03,760
The most urgent is of course
the issue of the Arab refugees.

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10:21:03,840 --> 10:21:06,560
Arabs who now reside mostly in Jordan,

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10:21:06,640 --> 10:21:13,080
200,000 in Egypt,
100,000 in Lebanon, and some in Syria.

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10:21:13,160 --> 10:21:17,920
These refugees have not been able
to be absorbed in the Arab world.

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10:21:18,000 --> 10:21:21,960
They live there,
waiting to return to Israel.

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10:21:22,040 --> 10:21:28,640
The West must make an effort here.
Not least, perhaps the most, Israel.

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10:21:32,720 --> 10:21:37,400
I do of course agree with
Mr. Hägglöf on the central point

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10:21:37,480 --> 10:21:42,280
of this issue of
the refugees being resolved.

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10:21:42,360 --> 10:21:48,080
Mr. Hägglöf didn’t go any further
than to state that it was mainly Israel

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10:21:48,160 --> 10:21:51,680
that had to make an effort.
But what is the situation?

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10:21:51,760 --> 10:21:57,520
The situation is that we have
a war started by the Arab states

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10:21:57,600 --> 10:22:04,080
since the United Nations created,
as it were, the new Israel.

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10:22:04,160 --> 10:22:10,520
Furthermore, it is not the case that
it is the Arabs who seek resolution,

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10:22:10,600 --> 10:22:17,640
it is Israel, which year after year since
1948 have sought resolution with the Arabs.

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10:22:17,720 --> 10:22:22,560
They are willing to accept refugees.
They are willing to arrange peace.

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10:22:22,640 --> 10:22:27,200
They are doing a lot
to bring this story to a close.

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10:22:27,280 --> 10:22:34,160
In the meantime, not only are the Arab
countries conducting a blockade of Israel,

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10:22:34,240 --> 10:22:39,280
year after year, week after week,
these things come from the Arab countries.

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10:22:39,360 --> 10:22:45,000
The refugees will return,
but to crush Israel.

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10:22:45,080 --> 10:22:50,840
They are being indoctrinated as
a vanguard for this Arab invasion.

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10:22:50,920 --> 10:22:55,720
Now that Israel is established I assume
Mr. Hägglöf doesn’t want it to disappear.

200
10:22:55,800 --> 10:22:59,320
Does he want Israel to be crushed?
He doesn’t want that.

201
10:22:59,400 --> 10:23:03,920
But he wants Israel to agree to
a settlement that will be its doom.

202
10:23:05,560 --> 10:23:10,920
Let us first perhaps establish
what the Arab refugees really are.

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10:23:11,000 --> 10:23:17,120
It was the case that in 1947– 48,
a little over 700,000 fled.

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10:23:17,200 --> 10:23:19,200
Why did they run away?

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10:23:19,280 --> 10:23:21,440
It has been said on the Israeli side

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10:23:21,520 --> 10:23:25,920
that they fled because of a call
by the neighbouring Arab states.

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10:23:26,000 --> 10:23:28,720
Calls available in print and on radio.

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10:23:28,800 --> 10:23:31,840
But it’s quite clear that
that was not the reason.

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10:23:31,920 --> 10:23:37,440
What above all frightened these Arabs,

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10:23:37,520 --> 10:23:44,640
most of whom were farmers and gardeners,
was the atrocious terror …

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10:23:45,920 --> 10:23:52,600
The massacre organized by
the Jewish terrorist organization

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10:23:52,680 --> 10:23:59,520
when they practically annihilated
the Arab population

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10:23:59,600 --> 10:24:04,680
of a village named
Dair Yassin on 9 April, 1948.

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10:24:04,760 --> 10:24:09,560
It was after that atrocity that
the great flood of refugees came,

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10:24:09,640 --> 10:24:12,400
and they crossed over to Jordan.

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10:24:12,480 --> 10:24:18,320
The third and largest wave of
refugees came later in 1948.

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10:24:18,400 --> 10:24:24,960
In this way, more than
700,000 people fled across the border.

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10:24:25,040 --> 10:24:29,320
Then an unprecedented thing happened.
They were not allowed to come back

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10:24:29,400 --> 10:24:32,920
to the land where they had
lived for over a thousand years.

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10:24:33,000 --> 10:24:37,320
That is the story of the Arab refugees.

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10:24:39,200 --> 10:24:44,640
I understand that you have been
captivated by this line of thinking,

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10:24:44,720 --> 10:24:51,440
that Israel should accept refugees because
they have lived there for a thousand years.

223
10:24:51,520 --> 10:24:54,960
If Mr. Hägglöf said that he thinks
that Israel should perish,

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10:24:55,040 --> 10:25:01,600
that Israelis should be moved to America
or Madagascar, that I could understand.

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10:25:01,680 --> 10:25:05,000
But he cannot assume
that a now independent state

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10:25:05,080 --> 10:25:07,960
which has accomplished,
on a sidenote,

227
10:25:08,040 --> 10:25:12,080
perhaps more than any other
state in such a short period,

228
10:25:12,160 --> 10:25:15,680
should all of a sudden
welcome these refugees.

229
10:25:15,760 --> 10:25:21,240
“You admittedly come to crush us, but
be our guest.” Does he really want that?

230
10:25:47,240 --> 10:25:49,640
-You all want war with Israel?
-Yes, yes.

231
10:25:49,720 --> 10:25:53,080
-We want to fight.
-We want to fight Israel.

232
10:25:53,160 --> 10:25:57,880
We are trained to fight, to fight Israel
and every man who helps Israel.

233
10:25:57,960 --> 10:26:05,320
Because, to take …
To take Palestine from the hands of Israel.

234
10:26:05,400 --> 10:26:08,480
Because Palestine … my country.

235
10:26:08,560 --> 10:26:15,280
Israel is surrounded by its enemies:
UAE, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon.

236
10:26:16,360 --> 10:26:19,760
The terrorist attacks from
the Syrian border are countless.

237
10:26:19,840 --> 10:26:22,320
Train passengers here
must be prepared

238
10:26:22,400 --> 10:26:27,040
for a bullet to come through
the window at any moment.

239
10:26:29,560 --> 10:26:33,920
This Israeli patrol
must be vigilant at all times.

240
10:26:40,440 --> 10:26:44,560
To my great sorrow,
there’s one thing that has not changed,

241
10:26:44,640 --> 10:26:50,000
and that is the constant adding of arms
in the Arab countries.

242
10:26:50,080 --> 10:26:54,840
They get their arms freely,

243
10:26:54,920 --> 10:26:57,760
as in that they can get
them when they ask for them,

244
10:26:57,840 --> 10:27:03,160
and freely probably also in a more
simple way, they don’t have to pay for it.

245
10:27:03,240 --> 10:27:09,120
At least not immediately.
Whereas our situation is entirely different.

246
10:27:13,800 --> 10:27:17,000
Do you think that Israel
could win another war?

247
10:27:17,080 --> 10:27:19,720
Yeah, I think so.

248
10:27:19,800 --> 10:27:25,520
Because the Israeli soldiers fight for
ideas. The Syrian soldiers fight for money.

249
10:27:25,600 --> 10:27:28,120
Do you think that war is
one day inevitable

250
10:27:28,200 --> 10:27:32,240
to settle the differences between
Israel and the Arab world?

251
10:27:32,320 --> 10:27:36,240
It wouldn’t be good.
War brings hate.

252
10:28:10,480 --> 10:28:15,080
The wild donkey is mentioned
frequently in the Bible,

253
10:28:15,160 --> 10:28:18,960
along with many other animals.

254
10:28:19,040 --> 10:28:24,640
Much of what is described
in the Bible is naturally gone,

255
10:28:24,720 --> 10:28:29,680
but much is surprisingly still here.

256
10:28:33,240 --> 10:28:36,800
The desert is
both frightening and impressive.

257
10:28:36,880 --> 10:28:43,000
Gloomy, warm, and dry.
Practically devoid of water.

258
10:28:43,080 --> 10:28:46,760
But all of a sudden
you arrive at an oasis.

259
10:28:46,840 --> 10:28:51,920
When the Israelites began to drill here
they found large quantities of freshwater.

260
10:28:52,000 --> 10:28:58,440
There is no place where the Miracle
of Israel is as tangible as it is here.

261
10:28:58,520 --> 10:29:01,000
Migrating yellow desert sand

262
10:29:01,080 --> 10:29:07,960
suddenly gives way to green fields
and an abundance of flowers.

263
10:29:08,040 --> 10:29:14,560
The kibbutz has many houses
and beautiful flower gardens.

264
10:29:15,960 --> 10:29:21,760
This palm grove is an old caravan mark
known since the days of the Bible.

265
10:29:21,840 --> 10:29:26,280
The palms have branches,
which is not very common.

266
10:29:26,360 --> 10:29:31,520
It’s both the most easterly and
northerly outpost for this type of palm,

267
10:29:31,600 --> 10:29:37,520
most common in Sudan.
A bit of Africa in the Israeli flora.

268
10:29:37,600 --> 10:29:41,240
The grove is located
close to the Jordanian border.

269
10:29:41,320 --> 10:29:45,480
It was apparently not
entirely without risk to walk here,

270
10:29:45,560 --> 10:29:48,400
one could be shot from the other side.

271
10:29:48,480 --> 10:29:52,440
We kept out of view behind the grove.

272
10:29:52,520 --> 10:29:57,480
It probably wasn’t so risky – we didn’t
see a soul on the Jordanian side.

273
10:30:44,080 --> 10:30:47,000
Haifa in the late summer of ‘66.

274
10:30:47,080 --> 10:30:52,760
Among the majority of tourists and returning
Israelis on board are about 60 immigrants.

275
10:30:52,840 --> 10:30:57,400
Like the 1,25 million others who’ve
immigrated since Israel’s independence

276
10:30:57,480 --> 10:31:00,920
they’ve heeded the part of
the declaration of independence

277
10:31:01,000 --> 10:31:07,360
which states that the borders of Israel
are always open to Jews in exile.

278
10:31:11,160 --> 10:31:15,080
How did you find out about life here?
Why have you come here?

279
10:31:15,160 --> 10:31:19,120
My friend was here last year,
and she was here for a year.

280
10:31:19,200 --> 10:31:23,200
She was on a kibbutz for six months.
She told me all about it.

281
10:31:23,280 --> 10:31:27,160
I’ve always been very pro-Israel,
and I decided to go.

282
10:31:38,600 --> 10:31:41,280
If you want, it’s not a fairy tale.

283
10:31:41,360 --> 10:31:45,080
The Zionist Herzl’s
confident assurance to the newcomer.

284
10:31:45,160 --> 10:31:48,760
Does it seem pathetic for the young
people who come today?

285
10:31:48,840 --> 10:31:52,560
More or less informed about
what awaits them in Israel today.

286
10:31:52,640 --> 10:31:57,800
Contrasted, full of problems,
as young as many of them themselves.

287
10:31:57,880 --> 10:32:02,960
But several thousand years old
in terms of religion, tradition, and hopes.

288
10:32:03,040 --> 10:32:07,440
I go to Israel to strive
to be among the old Jews

289
10:32:07,520 --> 10:32:12,800
and to listen to the Hebrew
language spoken everywhere.

290
10:32:12,880 --> 10:32:18,040
And the Jew must be in Israel
if he wants to live in peace.

291
10:32:22,080 --> 10:32:26,240
The newcomer learns that every
Israeli from the age of 18, girl or boy,

292
10:32:26,320 --> 10:32:30,000
does 20 and 30 months
of military service, respectively.

293
10:32:31,880 --> 10:32:37,120
That Israel’s army can be fully mobilized
and ready for battle in less than 72 hours.

294
10:32:37,200 --> 10:32:41,680
The newcomer also learns that,
in the fight to defend what you have built,

295
10:32:41,760 --> 10:32:46,680
you spend a good 40% of the
national budget on your army.

296
10:33:00,760 --> 10:33:04,560
Dancing on a powder keg.
Is that how it feels? A girl answers:

297
10:33:04,640 --> 10:33:08,440
“We don’t wake up in terror
of some new provocation at the border.

298
10:33:08,520 --> 10:33:13,880
“But I think everyone feels different,
because we don’t get to live in peace.”

299
10:33:13,960 --> 10:33:17,200
The ideals are dead,
have fun if you can and have the time.

300
10:33:17,280 --> 10:33:23,160
Get your degree as soon as possible
and find a job, preferably abroad.

301
10:33:35,400 --> 10:33:38,240
But an infected foreign policy situation

302
10:33:38,320 --> 10:33:43,440
has not turned all young people into
cynical nihilists. Quite the opposite.

303
10:33:43,520 --> 10:33:47,240
They volunteer
for the army’s various special units.

304
10:33:47,320 --> 10:33:51,320
That’s probably the closest
they can get to the efforts of the pioneers.

305
10:33:51,400 --> 10:33:57,800
I have been educated in
the youth movement from the age of 12.

306
10:33:57,880 --> 10:34:01,440
And I feel that I need it.

307
10:34:01,520 --> 10:34:06,280
In the kibbutz you are living with
people the whole day and the whole night.

308
10:34:06,360 --> 10:34:09,720
It’s a different sort of thinking.

309
10:34:22,960 --> 10:34:27,080
Tel Aviv. 58 years old.
Close to 400,000 inhabitants.

310
10:34:27,160 --> 10:34:29,360
Under a wasteful sun.

311
10:34:34,240 --> 10:34:36,360
The long, sandy beaches

312
10:34:36,440 --> 10:34:42,080
where once Jewish refugees were
met with rifles and had to turn back.

313
10:34:46,240 --> 10:34:51,440
I have heard wonderful things about Israel.
But it wasn’t exactly what I had heard.

314
10:34:51,520 --> 10:34:57,360
The language is very difficult,
and I came in the middle of my studies.

315
10:34:57,440 --> 10:35:02,400
But I’m getting used to it with time.

316
10:35:02,480 --> 10:35:05,720
What was hard,
except the language?

317
10:35:05,800 --> 10:35:09,120
Well, the way of living of the people here.
Young people.

318
10:35:09,200 --> 10:35:14,680
It’s completely different than in Chile.
For example, boys are not kind.

319
10:35:14,760 --> 10:35:20,840
In Chile, they’re very … maybe too much.
And here they are more free.

320
10:35:20,920 --> 10:35:25,120
They don’t see so much difference
between a boy and a girl.

321
10:35:25,200 --> 10:35:27,880
And they are not kind.

322
10:35:27,960 --> 10:35:31,640
Girls are going to the army also.

323
10:35:31,720 --> 10:35:34,640
It’s very similar between them
and the boys.

324
10:35:46,960 --> 10:35:49,400
I’m a commander of platoons.

325
10:35:49,480 --> 10:35:55,200
I’m in charge of 55 girls. And I have
to train them for a month and a half

326
10:35:55,280 --> 10:35:59,080
before they start their job in the army.

327
10:36:00,040 --> 10:36:04,360
I think that the security problem
is a very serious one in Israel.

328
10:36:04,440 --> 10:36:08,760
Our neighbours wait for
the moment to push us into the sea.

329
10:36:08,840 --> 10:36:12,680
For us, it is a question
of to be or not to be.

330
10:36:14,200 --> 10:36:20,160
What gives the young Israeli the strength
to persevere in a country that is a border

331
10:36:20,240 --> 10:36:24,400
between Jew and Arab and between
the great powers of East and West?

332
10:36:24,480 --> 10:36:28,360
Is it the unsettling overconfidence
in the excellence of the army?

333
10:36:28,440 --> 10:36:34,800
Or is it, despite radical young Sabras
denial, the love for Jewish heritage

334
10:36:34,880 --> 10:36:39,840
and the memory of 6 million dead
in Nazi extermination camps?

335
10:36:39,920 --> 10:36:42,960
They try in Israel to give
you a knowledge of the past.

336
10:36:43,040 --> 10:36:47,640
In schools and everywhere.
They try that you won’t forget that you …

337
10:36:47,720 --> 10:36:54,880
To live in … in conscience.
But you’ll keep it in mind, the past.

338
10:36:56,520 --> 10:36:59,560
The Memorial House in Jerusalem.
Do you go there often?

339
10:36:59,640 --> 10:37:03,440
I went there a few times.
Usually I’m very moved.

340
10:37:03,520 --> 10:37:07,720
I read about the Holocaust quite a lot.

341
10:37:07,800 --> 10:37:10,880
It’s not only interesting,
it’s important to know,

342
10:37:10,960 --> 10:37:13,960
and it’s a duty of everyone.
It’s my duty to know.

343
10:37:27,920 --> 10:37:33,000
He came in the great immigrant wave
of Oriental Jews in the early 1950s.

344
10:37:33,080 --> 10:37:35,640
He came from Iraq.

345
10:37:35,720 --> 10:37:39,840
He lives with his parents and siblings in
a kind of cooperative farming community

346
10:37:39,920 --> 10:37:42,120
and dreams of becoming a driver.

347
10:37:42,200 --> 10:37:45,320
Why did you leave your
country to come to Israel?

348
10:37:45,400 --> 10:37:52,120
I cannot leave Israel. It’s all I have left.
They said it would be a road to heaven.

349
10:37:52,200 --> 10:37:58,240
And not just for us.
Everyone who wants to come, can come here.

350
10:37:58,320 --> 10:38:01,680
What kind of job did your husband have
in your old country?

351
10:38:03,560 --> 10:38:06,480
He was a taxi driver.

352
10:38:06,560 --> 10:38:11,680
You were very young when you came,
do you feel more like an Israeli now?

353
10:38:11,760 --> 10:38:15,200
Our people have lived here for generations.
It’s a sacred land.

354
10:38:15,280 --> 10:38:20,240
A heritage from our forefathers.
We will never abandon our home.

355
10:38:20,320 --> 10:38:23,680
Have you ever felt
there’s a difference between you

356
10:38:23,760 --> 10:38:27,960
and for example young boys coming
from the eastern countries in Europe?

357
10:38:29,480 --> 10:38:32,200
I haven’t gotten to know anyone so far.

358
10:38:33,840 --> 10:38:36,400
Nine years in a transit camp.

359
10:38:36,480 --> 10:38:39,360
Five years in this house,
which is not yet finished.

360
10:38:39,440 --> 10:38:42,600
Far from the comfort of
the Mount Carmel villas in Haifa,

361
10:38:42,680 --> 10:38:45,200
ten minutes’ drive from here,

362
10:38:45,280 --> 10:38:49,120
where few Israelis
of oriental origin can afford to live.

363
10:38:50,240 --> 10:38:53,000
But young people here
have hopes for the future.

364
10:38:53,080 --> 10:38:57,680
Possibly because they don’t live in
the settlements by the sea or in the Negev,

365
10:38:57,760 --> 10:39:01,160
where droves of young people,
mainly from North Africa,

366
10:39:01,240 --> 10:39:04,480
drift about disaffected,
often unemployed.

367
10:39:06,960 --> 10:39:09,040
-Every night you just…?
-Loiter.

368
10:39:09,120 --> 10:39:13,960
-And do nothing?
-I was in high school for six months.

369
10:39:14,040 --> 10:39:19,360
But it didn’t work out.
I went out to find work and help my family.

370
10:39:19,440 --> 10:39:22,520
There aren’t that many jobs in this town.

371
10:39:24,120 --> 10:39:27,280
Were those the expectations
when people over in Morocco

372
10:39:27,360 --> 10:39:31,120
spoke of the land of milk and honey?

373
10:39:34,240 --> 10:39:39,280
Youth crime, especially more
serious violent crime, is on the rise.

374
10:39:39,360 --> 10:39:44,120
A below-average economical standard,
combined with an attempt to rebel

375
10:39:44,200 --> 10:39:49,720
against an Eastern patriarchal family
system, are said to be part of the reason.

376
10:39:56,400 --> 10:40:00,360
Southwest of Nazareth lies another world.

377
10:40:00,440 --> 10:40:07,080
The immigrant city of Migdal HaEmek,
about ten years old, with 8,000 inhabitants.

378
10:40:10,320 --> 10:40:14,160
An enthusiastic young mayor
is the driving force.

379
10:40:14,240 --> 10:40:17,840
Factories and synagogues are his recipe.

380
10:40:17,920 --> 10:40:22,080
Today in 1966,
everyone wants on Saturday

381
10:40:22,160 --> 10:40:26,440
to go to the beach, to go to see a movie,
to a party, to a discotheque.

382
10:40:26,520 --> 10:40:29,920
But I myself,
I go to the synagogue. I pray.

383
10:40:30,000 --> 10:40:34,240
We believe in God.
We have laws. We have rules.

384
10:40:34,320 --> 10:40:38,040
We are God-fearing.
We have purpose in our lives.

385
10:40:38,120 --> 10:40:43,080
And this is why the religious people,
I think, are the best in Israel.

386
10:40:58,120 --> 10:41:01,280
He is one of about
30,000 Bedouins in Israel.

387
10:41:01,360 --> 10:41:04,080
He recognizes
their legal and political rights.

388
10:41:04,160 --> 10:41:08,200
That much has been done
to improve their social standing.

389
10:41:08,280 --> 10:41:10,920
I have to study here for two years,

390
10:41:11,000 --> 10:41:15,600
and then I’d like to study journalism,
and then I’d like to find work.

391
10:41:15,680 --> 10:41:20,480
-Maybe in Africa, maybe in another place.
-Would you like to stay in Israel?

392
10:41:20,560 --> 10:41:25,400
I’d like to,
but I have less hope of getting a job.

393
10:41:28,600 --> 10:41:32,640
Israel is a democracy,
and there are many parties.

394
10:41:32,720 --> 10:41:36,000
Some of them do like the Arabs,
and others don’t.

395
10:41:36,080 --> 10:41:40,520
They say we came to destroy
their country, not to build it.

396
10:41:42,600 --> 10:41:47,640
But when visiting his father he again
gets the feeling of living on the outside,

397
10:41:47,720 --> 10:41:51,480
in an impossible political situation.

398
10:41:51,560 --> 10:41:56,320
If you compare your life in Jerusalem
to your tribal life, is it a big difference?

399
10:41:56,400 --> 10:42:01,640
It’s a big difference.
It’s a patriarchal family.

400
10:42:01,720 --> 10:42:04,320
The father is the governor,

401
10:42:04,400 --> 10:42:07,400
and he has three wives
and many children.

402
10:42:07,480 --> 10:42:12,840
And you can’t do what you like,
because the others will interfere.

403
10:42:12,920 --> 10:42:18,640
And the relations between you
and the other part will be very difficult.

404
10:42:18,720 --> 10:42:22,720
Do you think your son will return
when he has finished his studies?

405
10:42:22,800 --> 10:42:24,840
I think it is up to him.

406
10:42:24,920 --> 10:42:27,160
Now he is studying history.

407
10:42:27,240 --> 10:42:32,560
If he wants to return to the tribe to teach
them history, I think: not necessary.

408
10:42:32,640 --> 10:42:36,840
But if he was studying agriculture

409
10:42:36,920 --> 10:42:42,760
it may be necessary to return him to tribe
to give us lessons in agriculture.

410
10:42:42,840 --> 10:42:45,040
-Would you like him to come?
-Of course.

411
10:42:45,120 --> 10:42:49,040
But if he finds a suitable business
in the city, he will not forget us.

412
10:42:49,120 --> 10:42:54,600
Without doubt, he will come to visit
and to see his brother, to see his family.

413
10:42:56,840 --> 10:43:00,960
What would happen
if the Arabs would attack Israel?

414
10:43:01,040 --> 10:43:04,960
-Would you defend Israel?
-Well, we are lost here.

415
10:43:05,040 --> 10:43:11,800
We are lost because there are Jews here
that look at us like war captives,

416
10:43:11,880 --> 10:43:16,800
and the Arabs look on us like enemies
because we are living in Israel.

417
10:43:16,880 --> 10:43:19,760
We are talking with them,
write in their newspaper.

418
10:43:19,840 --> 10:43:24,000
We talk about peace
and things that they don’t like to hear.

419
10:43:24,080 --> 10:43:28,640
So this is the tragic point in our life.
We don’t know where we are.

420
10:43:28,720 --> 10:43:32,880
We don’t know what our future will be.

421
10:43:32,960 --> 10:43:36,960
We are just living our
day and hoping for the better.

422
10:44:24,840 --> 10:44:29,360
The morning of 5 June, the Israeli
Air Force begins a massive attack

423
10:44:29,440 --> 10:44:34,560
and practically annihilates the Egyptian
Air Force before they can even take off.

424
10:44:34,640 --> 10:44:38,200
The attack came as
a complete surprise, not only for Egypt,

425
10:44:38,280 --> 10:44:41,960
despite greatly increased
tension in the area.

426
10:44:42,040 --> 10:44:47,320
Israel felt threatened from three sides:
Egypt, Jordan and Syria.

427
10:44:49,840 --> 10:44:52,880
In a matter of hours
Egypt’s planes were crushed.

428
10:44:52,960 --> 10:45:00,040
Without air cover, the Egyptian infantry
and armoured units in Sinai stood no chance.

429
10:45:06,840 --> 10:45:14,520
After this total victory over Egypt, the
Israeli army turns towards Jordan and Syria.

430
10:45:14,600 --> 10:45:20,280
Here, too, they succeeded in knocking
out their military opponents in a few days.

431
10:45:20,360 --> 10:45:25,200
One of the shortest wars
in world history was over after six days.

432
10:45:38,360 --> 10:45:43,120
The whole of Sinai was taken from Egypt,
and Jordan lost the West Bank.

433
10:45:43,200 --> 10:45:48,040
The most important part of the West Bank
was East Jerusalem, including the Old City.

434
10:45:48,120 --> 10:45:53,840
There lies the Wailing Wall, sacred to the
Jews, the last remnant of the old temple.

435
10:45:53,920 --> 10:45:57,960
When general Moshe Dayan
walked into the old city of Jerusalem

436
10:45:58,040 --> 10:46:01,880
it was a sensational triumph for Israel.

437
10:46:01,960 --> 10:46:04,200
Jerusalem is an irreplaceable city,

438
10:46:04,280 --> 10:46:08,080
and the Israeli troops had orders
not to use heavy artillery

439
10:46:08,160 --> 10:46:12,920
when entering the old city.
The damages appear to be minor.

440
10:46:13,000 --> 10:46:16,000
The victorious Moshe Dayan,
now Minister of Defense,

441
10:46:16,080 --> 10:46:20,240
has already declared that Jerusalem
will never again leave Jewish hands.

442
10:46:33,640 --> 10:46:38,000
For the Palestinian people,
it was a disaster like no other.

443
10:46:38,080 --> 10:46:41,880
Thousands of Palestinians
fled across the River Jordan.

444
10:46:41,960 --> 10:46:47,720
And the whole Arab world mourned.
It was a feeling of shame and humiliation.

445
10:47:20,720 --> 10:47:24,120
Some of the fiercest battles
have been fought here.

446
10:47:24,200 --> 10:47:28,200
The devastation
that surrounds us is terrible.

447
10:47:31,440 --> 10:47:36,160
The Israeli tanks have advanced through
the Egyptian lines at tremendous speed,

448
10:47:36,240 --> 10:47:39,040
like a hot knife through butter.

449
10:47:39,120 --> 10:47:41,640
Not a single house
in El-Arish is undamaged.

450
10:47:41,720 --> 10:47:44,600
It’s the same in
the other villages along the way.

451
10:47:44,680 --> 10:47:51,360
Everywhere you also see white rags
hung on the houses as a flags of surrender.

452
10:47:51,440 --> 10:47:55,520
An Israeli officer I met
just outside of El-Arish said to me:

453
10:47:55,600 --> 10:47:58,400
Isn’t this a short and glorious war?

454
10:47:58,480 --> 10:48:04,600
I said I can agree on the short part.
But can a war ever be glorious?

455
10:48:04,680 --> 10:48:11,000
For us, this has been
a truly glorious war, was his reply.

456
10:48:11,080 --> 10:48:16,880
Israel estimates the Egyptian
casualties to be about 20,000 men.

457
10:48:18,000 --> 10:48:21,840
About the desert are seen groups
of Arab women and children who,

458
10:48:21,920 --> 10:48:26,360
with the help of their pickaxes,
dig graves in the sand and bury the dead.

459
10:48:27,440 --> 10:48:30,800
In the throbbing heat there’s a foul,
sweetly smell.

460
10:48:43,720 --> 10:48:46,640
The refugees in Gaza are
the overwhelming problem.

461
10:48:46,720 --> 10:48:51,120
Israel cannot change that.
Masses of people must be moved,

462
10:48:51,200 --> 10:48:53,400
which to some extent has already begun.

463
10:48:53,480 --> 10:48:58,040
When the travel ban is now lifted and
residents of Gaza may to travel to Jordan,

464
10:48:58,120 --> 10:49:03,560
it seems that the Israeli authorities
hope that they will stay there.

465
10:49:04,640 --> 10:49:07,640
The issue of Jordan’s
water sources is no more.

466
10:49:07,720 --> 10:49:09,680
The new borders are easy to defend.

467
10:49:09,760 --> 10:49:14,720
And in Sinai the three Egyptian
oil wells now work for Israel.

468
10:49:14,800 --> 10:49:17,560
Many problems are fixed,
but new ones rise

469
10:49:17,640 --> 10:49:20,440
when you suddenly
control an area 8 times larger,

470
10:49:20,520 --> 10:49:24,720
with just over
a million more people to support.

471
10:49:57,360 --> 10:50:02,160
Jordan is the most affected
of the three countries that lost land

472
10:50:02,240 --> 10:50:06,000
and had to take in refugees
during and after the war in June.

473
10:50:06,080 --> 10:50:09,000
Jordan is also the coldest of them.

474
10:50:09,080 --> 10:50:12,400
In Amman the other day,
the snow was half a meter deep.

475
10:50:12,480 --> 10:50:19,240
Now it’s begun to melt, turning the
streets into rivers, and they’re flooding.

476
10:50:19,320 --> 10:50:25,080
182,000 new inhabitants have
come to Amman since June.

477
10:50:25,160 --> 10:50:29,320
It adds to the absurdity of the situation
that these people refuse

478
10:50:29,400 --> 10:50:35,800
anything resembling permanent residency.
They want to go back.

479
10:50:35,880 --> 10:50:41,520
They refuse to become permanent
residents like the refugees of 1948.

480
10:50:42,720 --> 10:50:48,360
But people live all over Amman now.
By the river, caves and mountain sides.

481
10:50:48,440 --> 10:50:50,680
The wind is bitterly cold and hard.

482
10:50:50,760 --> 10:50:53,520
In the tents,
there are only gas stoves

483
10:50:53,600 --> 10:50:58,000
to heat shoeless feet
and thinly clad bodies.

484
10:51:04,480 --> 10:51:08,000
This is Muhammed Khalil and his family,

485
10:51:08,080 --> 10:51:11,760
a wife and nine children,
the tenth on the way.

486
10:51:11,840 --> 10:51:13,800
He lived on his land in Jericho.

487
10:51:13,880 --> 10:51:17,360
It is 7km away,
on the other side of the River Jordan.

488
10:51:17,440 --> 10:51:23,440
He now lives in the American tent. His
possessions can be seen on the tent floor.

489
10:51:23,520 --> 10:51:27,000
The worst thing is
not having anything to do, he says.

490
10:51:27,080 --> 10:51:31,000
Ahmed Jabbar Ahmet tried
to return home illegally

491
10:51:31,080 --> 10:51:33,160
when his application was denied.

492
10:51:33,240 --> 10:51:36,640
He tried to go back
and was arrested by the Israelis.

493
10:51:36,720 --> 10:51:39,280
In Jericho itself.

494
10:51:40,800 --> 10:51:43,160
Why did he try to go back?

495
10:51:44,240 --> 10:51:49,280
Because it’s my country,
my town and my family are still there.

496
10:51:49,360 --> 10:51:53,280
Everything I own and my whole family.

497
10:51:53,360 --> 10:51:58,240
How long will Jordan be able
to stand the present situation?

498
10:51:58,320 --> 10:52:01,520
Certainly this is a fantastic
pressure on the country,

499
10:52:01,600 --> 10:52:04,480
both economically and psychologically.

500
10:52:04,560 --> 10:52:08,960
I should like to
put the question in other words:

501
10:52:09,040 --> 10:52:16,600
How long would the world then
stand the present situation to continue?

502
10:52:16,680 --> 10:52:22,720
The continuation of the present
situation constitutes a real threat.

503
10:52:22,800 --> 10:52:26,080
First, to the rights of the Arabs.

504
10:52:26,160 --> 10:52:31,000
Second, to the rights of the refugees.

505
10:52:31,080 --> 10:52:34,960
Third, to the principles
of the United Nations.

506
10:52:35,040 --> 10:52:38,120
And fifth or sixth or I don’t know what,

507
10:52:38,200 --> 10:52:44,120
to the peace, which is a part
of the whole international peace.

508
10:52:46,360 --> 10:52:50,120
On the bridge connecting
what is now Israel with Jordan,

509
10:52:50,200 --> 10:52:53,520
a family is reunited for
the first time in over a year.

510
10:53:15,200 --> 10:53:18,680
-Who was it you met on the bridge?
-My mother.

511
10:53:18,760 --> 10:53:23,240
-And you haven’t seen her for a long time?
-No. For one and a half years, nearly.

512
10:53:23,320 --> 10:53:25,320
How is that?

513
10:53:25,400 --> 10:53:31,360
We left on October 1966 for
the scholarship in England.

514
10:53:31,440 --> 10:53:34,680
And I took my family,
my wife and children with me.

515
10:53:34,760 --> 10:53:40,920
And so this was the first time that
we could, again, see our parents and folks.

516
10:53:41,000 --> 10:53:45,080
-5 minutes.
-Yes. It’s only 5 minutes or even less.

517
10:53:45,160 --> 10:53:50,520
Well, it’s not the first time that
we come here. It’s the fourth time.

518
10:53:50,600 --> 10:53:55,560
But every time it ended in failure,
we couldn’t meet them or see them.

519
10:53:55,640 --> 10:53:57,720
You tried to go back?

520
10:53:57,800 --> 10:54:01,160
Yes. We applied through
the normal Red Cross channels.

521
10:54:01,240 --> 10:54:03,640
That was three months ago.

522
10:54:03,720 --> 10:54:07,080
But unfortunately,
our name never appeared.

523
10:54:07,160 --> 10:54:11,760
We have been stranded over here,
and we had to stay where we are.

524
10:54:11,840 --> 10:54:17,440
There are countless stories of
how the newly arrived feel unsafe,

525
10:54:17,520 --> 10:54:23,320
how they’ve been searched at night because
the Israelis have been looking for commandos

526
10:54:23,400 --> 10:54:27,240
who have sabotaged and
caused explosions in the occupied area.

527
10:54:27,320 --> 10:54:32,600
You came back from Jericho very recently.
When did you come?

528
10:54:32,680 --> 10:54:35,280
-Before one week ago.
-Why?

529
10:54:35,360 --> 10:54:40,600
-I had work in a bar.
-In a bar?

530
10:54:40,680 --> 10:54:44,520
Every night the army of the Jews
collect us in one heap

531
10:54:44,600 --> 10:54:50,800
and began to shoot the guns over our head
and said “you are a commando.”

532
10:54:50,880 --> 10:54:53,600
“You must desert to the East bank.”

533
10:54:53,680 --> 10:54:56,760
I am afraid because they said to me

534
10:54:56,840 --> 10:55:00,960
that I’m a commando
and they will catch me.

535
10:55:58,920 --> 10:56:04,320
In a park in Jerusalem, Israel’s
North African Jews gather once a year

536
10:56:04,400 --> 10:56:08,280
to celebrate the memory of
the philosopher Maimonides.

537
10:56:08,360 --> 10:56:13,640
Nobody reads him anymore,
and many don’t even know his name.

538
10:56:13,720 --> 10:56:17,600
But he provides a welcome
excuse for a huge picnic

539
10:56:17,680 --> 10:56:21,680
where friends as well as enemies
are invited to eat and drink.

540
10:56:21,760 --> 10:56:25,880
And they dance and sing
all day in a patriotic frenzy.

541
10:56:43,760 --> 10:56:49,320
The same diversity as in
Israel’s faces is found in its music.

542
10:56:49,400 --> 10:56:54,880
All these elements of tradition from
Africa, Asia, and Europe now fuse together

543
10:56:54,960 --> 10:56:58,200
and soon lose their distinctiveness.

544
10:56:58,280 --> 10:57:04,600
Edith Kiwi has systemically collected
all Israeli musical traditions..

545
10:57:04,680 --> 10:57:08,760
For over 20 years she’s met
with migrants from different areas

546
10:57:08,840 --> 10:57:13,960
to preserve and scientifically
document their traditions.

547
10:57:14,040 --> 10:57:16,480
These are two singers from Kurdistan.

548
10:57:16,560 --> 10:57:18,760
I am Kurdish.

549
10:57:48,840 --> 10:57:54,800
There’s a keynote somewhere in the Jewish
music which all its traditions share.

550
10:57:54,880 --> 10:57:58,960
Through the centuries the Jews
of the world have preserved their way

551
10:57:59,040 --> 10:58:02,800
of reciting and singing the sacred texts.

552
10:58:27,240 --> 10:58:32,640
As a matter of fact, since the war,
during these five months,

553
10:58:32,720 --> 10:58:37,200
there have been two other kinds of war.

554
10:58:37,280 --> 10:58:41,960
The first one is
the terrorist war of Al Fatah,

555
10:58:42,040 --> 10:58:47,960
which started shortly
after the end of the war.

556
10:58:48,040 --> 10:58:52,600
And the other,
which I am reluctant to call a war,

557
10:58:52,680 --> 10:59:00,160
but some kind of resistance
movement in the Western Bank.

558
10:59:30,760 --> 10:59:35,280
Unseen from the ceasefire line,
which is only half a mile from here,

559
10:59:35,360 --> 10:59:42,240
lies one of the many mobile bases
created by the Palestinian resistance.

560
10:59:42,320 --> 10:59:46,200
Workers, students,
and farmers are trained together.

561
10:59:46,280 --> 10:59:48,840
They must be physically strong.

562
10:59:48,920 --> 10:59:52,840
They must also be
competent in individual warfare,

563
10:59:52,920 --> 10:59:55,720
and submit to the collective.

564
10:59:56,760 --> 11:00:03,280
They study Che Guevara and Mao Tse Tung
and have intense debates in the evenings.

565
11:00:04,960 --> 11:00:10,680
Ghassan Kanafani has become a spokesman
for the Palestinian resistance movement.

566
11:00:10,760 --> 11:00:15,920
He is closely allied with
the Palestine Liberation Front.

567
11:00:16,000 --> 11:00:19,720
He personifies a whole lot
of things in the Arab world today.

568
11:00:19,800 --> 11:00:24,360
He is a young Palestinian.
He is a writer and a journalist.

569
11:00:25,920 --> 11:00:32,040
Hassan, what kind of people
are the Palestinian “Fedayeen”,

570
11:00:32,120 --> 11:00:35,200
the resistance people?

571
11:00:35,280 --> 11:00:38,800
Of course,
all of them are Palestinians.

572
11:00:38,880 --> 11:00:44,120
Mostly young people,
between 20 and 35 years old.

573
11:00:44,200 --> 11:00:49,040
That means that some of them
have been born in Palestine

574
11:00:49,120 --> 11:00:52,240
before the Israeli occupation of 1948.

575
11:00:52,320 --> 11:00:55,760
The others were born in the exile,
the refugee camps.

576
11:00:55,840 --> 11:01:00,400
I think that something like
60–70% of them are educated people,

577
11:01:00,480 --> 11:01:02,840
graduated mostly
from the universities.

578
11:01:02,920 --> 11:01:07,320
There is a lot of doctors,
lawyers, engineers.

579
11:01:07,400 --> 11:01:09,400
What is the aim?

580
11:01:09,480 --> 11:01:15,240
Is it to get back the land
that Israel occupied in 1967?

581
11:01:15,320 --> 11:01:19,960
Or is it to get back
the land they occupied in 1948?

582
11:01:20,040 --> 11:01:24,120
The resistance movement
is a liberation movement.

583
11:01:24,200 --> 11:01:29,000
To the Palestinian people,
it’s a continuous …

584
11:01:29,080 --> 11:01:33,440
step of the tragedy,
which started at 1948.

585
11:01:33,520 --> 11:01:38,280
We couldn’t as Palestinians
separate between

586
11:01:38,360 --> 11:01:43,000
Nazareth, for example, and Jerusalem.
I myself couldn’t find any difference.

587
11:01:43,080 --> 11:01:47,400
I couldn’t find difference between Jaffa,
my city where I was born,

588
11:01:48,160 --> 11:01:54,560
and Ramallah in the West Bank, or Gaza.
To us it’s one nation, one homeland.

589
11:01:54,640 --> 11:01:57,080
Our case is not a political one.

590
11:01:57,160 --> 11:02:01,680
It’s not to bargain for having more land
or for having less refugees.

591
11:02:01,760 --> 11:02:04,160
We are bargaining for a liberation case.

592
11:02:04,240 --> 11:02:08,960
It’s our land,
and we are fighting to liberate it.

593
11:02:09,040 --> 11:02:12,440
The Palestinian people
has the Palestinian case.

594
11:03:00,600 --> 11:03:05,200
It’s a great pleasure to welcome you
to the Swedish Broadcasting Corporation

595
11:03:05,280 --> 11:03:08,200
and this little programme
of questions and answers.

596
11:03:08,280 --> 11:03:10,920
The journalists putting
questions to you are

597
11:03:11,000 --> 11:03:14,040
Mr. Per Gahrton,
editor of Liberal Debate

598
11:03:14,120 --> 11:03:18,840
and Mr. Lennart Ljunglöf, editorialist
in the daily newspaper Aftonbladet.

599
11:03:18,920 --> 11:03:21,520
Mr. Ljunglöf,
the first question is yours.

600
11:03:21,600 --> 11:03:26,600
Thank you. Mr. Eban,
Israel was established 20 years ago.

601
11:03:26,680 --> 11:03:33,040
What are Israel’s greatest achievements
in world politics during this period?

602
11:03:33,120 --> 11:03:37,960
And on the other hand, what are
the most striking disappointments?

603
11:03:38,040 --> 11:03:41,280
Our greatest achievements lie in
the growth of the nation,

604
11:03:41,360 --> 11:03:43,360
the increase of its population.

605
11:03:43,440 --> 11:03:47,960
Our central disappointment, of course,
is that we have not yet achieved

606
11:03:48,040 --> 11:03:52,440
a harmonious relationship
with the neighbouring world.

607
11:03:52,520 --> 11:03:58,400
If we look upon the future
and relations with the Arab world,

608
11:03:58,480 --> 11:04:01,920
is it really true that Israeli troops,

609
11:04:02,000 --> 11:04:06,840
without trial, execute house
destructions in the occupied territories

610
11:04:06,920 --> 11:04:11,320
as a punishment
for these so-called terrorist activities?

611
11:04:11,400 --> 11:04:16,040
It may on some occasion have taken
the form of eliminating a building

612
11:04:16,120 --> 11:04:23,040
from which murder and violent assaults are
carried out against the civilian population.

613
11:04:23,120 --> 11:04:29,000
But the general situation in the occupied
territories is not symbolized by these acts.

614
11:04:29,080 --> 11:04:33,920
98% of life in those areas
is a life of normality.

615
11:04:34,000 --> 11:04:38,160
And I would normally expect
to be asked on a television program

616
11:04:38,240 --> 11:04:42,600
much more about people who get blown up
than about bricks that get blown up.

617
11:04:42,680 --> 11:04:46,680
I think this is a very strategic question
for the mutual understanding

618
11:04:46,760 --> 11:04:49,560
- between individuals and Israel.
-No, it’s not.

619
11:04:49,640 --> 11:04:52,800
With all respect,
I think it’s a very trivial question.

620
11:04:52,880 --> 11:04:55,440
It’s not even an international question.

621
11:04:55,520 --> 11:04:59,760
Because under certain laws
this can happen anywhere.

622
11:04:59,840 --> 11:05:05,480
In other words, if a group of criminals
within Tel Aviv were harboured in a house,

623
11:05:05,560 --> 11:05:08,760
from which they shot
and killed women and children,

624
11:05:08,840 --> 11:05:12,280
then it would be a police matter
how to deal with it.

625
11:05:12,360 --> 11:05:15,400
And those places might
well be eliminated.

626
11:05:15,480 --> 11:05:18,880
In other words,
it is a juridical penal problem.

627
11:05:18,960 --> 11:05:26,520
Why is it impossible to let these refugees
come back to their homeland?

628
11:05:26,600 --> 11:05:29,120
Well, because there is no peace.

629
11:05:29,200 --> 11:05:34,120
And when there is no peace, you cannot solve
intricate economic and security problems

630
11:05:34,200 --> 11:05:37,000
such as you could solve
if there were peace.

631
11:05:37,080 --> 11:05:41,840
The question is, what is the attitude
of a person who comes into your country?

632
11:05:41,920 --> 11:05:44,640
Does he come into it
in order to honour its flag,

633
11:05:44,720 --> 11:05:47,160
to respect its institutions and culture?

634
11:05:47,240 --> 11:05:51,280
Or does he come in to it
in order to try to explode it from within?

635
11:06:11,560 --> 11:06:15,000
When was the last time
you were on the Israeli side?

636
11:06:15,080 --> 11:06:17,280
Three days ago.

637
11:06:17,360 --> 11:06:23,200
-What was the operation?
-Some engineering place. Israeli.

638
11:06:23,280 --> 11:06:26,080
What did you do there?
What did you attack?

639
11:06:26,160 --> 11:06:31,240
It was an ambush,
we surprised them.

640
11:06:31,320 --> 11:06:38,440
Imagine there is a group of people walking,
we are 10–15 meters away from them.

641
11:06:38,520 --> 11:06:46,000
We surprised them.
Every surprise is good for our struggle.

642
11:06:46,080 --> 11:06:51,520
We all had Kalashnikovs.
We took them all down.

643
11:06:53,440 --> 11:07:00,080
-When will you perform the next assignment?
-Don’t know. We must first monitor, scout.

644
11:07:13,440 --> 11:07:20,360
Children. Children who are trained for war
in one of Al-Fatah’s camps in Jordan.

645
11:07:24,760 --> 11:07:31,040
Children who are trained for war.
What kind of mentality lies behind this?

646
11:07:31,120 --> 11:07:33,920
This might be the backdrop.

647
11:07:34,000 --> 11:07:38,240
The refugee camp where
these children live is called Baqa’a.

648
11:07:38,320 --> 11:07:42,200
There are 65,000 refugees there.

649
11:07:42,280 --> 11:07:45,600
They say they’re a people without hope.

650
11:07:45,680 --> 11:07:52,160
But many seem to consider the guerilla
Fedayeen as a beacon of hope.

651
11:07:54,960 --> 11:07:58,480
-We’ve been here for three years.
-You came in 1967?

652
11:07:58,560 --> 11:08:03,160
-What’s it like, being here?
-What do you think?!

653
11:08:03,240 --> 11:08:06,920
The fleas bite us.
It’s so …

654
11:08:07,000 --> 11:08:12,560
-How’s the winter and rain?
-Rain, cold, we’re exposed to it all.

655
11:08:12,640 --> 11:08:16,120
We live in this tent.
It collapsed on us.

656
11:08:16,200 --> 11:08:20,640
We asked the manager for help,

657
11:08:20,720 --> 11:08:25,680
and in the end our Fedayeen
brothers let us live with them in the house.

658
11:08:25,760 --> 11:08:29,840
Within the camp,
the Fedayeen are not only freedom fighters,

659
11:08:29,920 --> 11:08:35,960
they’re also youth leaders, teachers,
counsellors and social workers.

660
11:08:38,040 --> 11:08:40,200
A school for girls in Amman.

661
11:08:40,280 --> 11:08:43,920
Open for the daughters
of what Al-Fatah calls their martyrs,

662
11:08:44,000 --> 11:08:47,320
Fedayeen who are killed
in action or have been captured.

663
11:08:48,880 --> 11:08:50,960
What are you drawing?

664
11:08:51,040 --> 11:08:56,000
I’ve drawn land,
a house, and Palestinian flags.

665
11:08:56,080 --> 11:09:00,320
And a Fedayeen soldier.

666
11:09:00,400 --> 11:09:03,160
What do you know about Al-Fatah?

667
11:09:03,240 --> 11:09:08,760
It’s an organization whose goal
is to liberate Palestine.

668
11:09:11,400 --> 11:09:15,000
And what happens after
you liberate Palestine? How?

669
11:09:15,080 --> 11:09:18,800
What are you going to do
with the Israelis who live there?

670
11:09:18,880 --> 11:09:22,600
The Jews who want to can live with us.
They can live with us.

671
11:09:42,000 --> 11:09:49,360
Why can’t you tell us your name, and
why are we not allowed to film your face?

672
11:09:49,440 --> 11:09:56,360
Firstly, because I’m a commando,
I’m fighting inside the Israeli land.

673
11:09:56,440 --> 11:10:02,200
Secondly, my family are
inside the Israeli land

674
11:10:02,280 --> 11:10:06,640
and maybe the enemy
will destroy their houses.

675
11:10:07,920 --> 11:10:11,400
What was your occupation
before you joined the commandos?

676
11:10:11,480 --> 11:10:15,400
I am a student in the University,
and I have finished my studying.

677
11:10:15,480 --> 11:10:21,560
-How long will you stay as a commando?
-I will fight to the last drop of my blood.

678
11:10:43,720 --> 11:10:48,800
You are a member of the Popular Front
for the Liberation of Palestine.

679
11:10:48,880 --> 11:10:52,320
What is the aim of that front?

680
11:10:52,400 --> 11:10:55,200
What all the movements are fighting for

681
11:10:55,280 --> 11:11:01,440
is against Zionism,
imperialism, colonialism in Israel,

682
11:11:01,520 --> 11:11:04,880
and not against the Jewish people.

683
11:11:04,960 --> 11:11:10,200
You think you will be able to live
together with the Jews in Palestine?

684
11:11:10,280 --> 11:11:16,720
But isn’t it time to find support
for your views in Israel?

685
11:11:16,800 --> 11:11:21,760
And how do you think that
that could be developed?

686
11:11:21,840 --> 11:11:27,360
I think the main thing, if we begin
to fight with a fixed ideology …

687
11:11:27,440 --> 11:11:30,240
I’m sure that in Israel,
and I’ve heard about that,

688
11:11:30,320 --> 11:11:33,960
now there’s a very little group

689
11:11:34,040 --> 11:11:39,760
who are searching for
a peaceful life in Palestine for all people.

690
11:11:39,840 --> 11:11:47,600
But not through the peace that Dayan
asked for, not the peace of governments.

691
11:11:47,680 --> 11:11:51,440
But really a peace done
with people and between people.

692
11:11:51,520 --> 11:11:56,560
And we can’t do that without fighting
and without revolution.

693
11:11:56,640 --> 11:12:04,160
Do you think that the oriental Jews and
the Arabs in Israel will be on your side?

694
11:12:04,240 --> 11:12:07,160
Do you regard them as
a part of your movement?

695
11:12:07,240 --> 11:12:13,440
I don’t think just
the Arab Jews or the oriental Jews,

696
11:12:13,520 --> 11:12:19,920
perhaps they are going to be much
more reactionary than the European ones.

697
11:12:20,000 --> 11:12:23,760
But in a way the revolutionary people
of both sides

698
11:12:23,840 --> 11:12:27,920
are going to come with the revolution.

699
11:12:28,000 --> 11:12:30,400
Those who have very …

700
11:12:30,480 --> 11:12:34,880
… the capitalists and the bourgeois
are always going to stand with their class.

701
11:12:36,000 --> 11:12:39,760
How do you imagine
a future Palestine, then?

702
11:12:39,840 --> 11:12:42,040
What kind of state should it be?

703
11:12:42,120 --> 11:12:48,760
I think it should be a socialist state
where religion has no place.

704
11:12:48,840 --> 11:12:52,040
Where ethnical religion
has no place either.

705
11:12:52,120 --> 11:12:56,760
But a democratic social state
for all people.

706
11:13:06,400 --> 11:13:09,760
I learned how to play
these from a young Israeli.

707
11:13:09,840 --> 11:13:13,480
And he learned
how to play them from Arabs.

708
11:13:13,560 --> 11:13:16,800
And I hope they get together
again one of these years.

709
11:14:00,280 --> 11:14:06,800
In the last years, a lonely and isolated
man, but with unbroken spiritual vitality.

710
11:14:06,880 --> 11:14:12,400
He philosophizes about the future.
Only a new “Aliyah”, a new mass immigration,

711
11:14:12,480 --> 11:14:16,520
could give Israel a firm footing
in the West Bank.

712
11:14:16,600 --> 11:14:19,840
The main question,
which has arisen after the war …

713
11:14:21,760 --> 11:14:25,840
Is there a possibility for
a large Jewish immigration?

714
11:14:25,920 --> 11:14:29,040
And this is possible
only from developed countries.

715
11:14:29,120 --> 11:14:31,800
The biggest is of course America.

716
11:14:31,880 --> 11:14:36,560
Then Latin America,
England, Western Europe.

717
11:14:37,680 --> 11:14:44,280
And if you could get only 1% of them,
this would be 80,000 a year.

718
11:14:44,360 --> 11:14:48,200
So now you think that Israel’s
population is too small …

719
11:14:48,280 --> 11:14:54,280
It’s too small. Yes.
The land that we have now is too big for us.

720
11:14:54,360 --> 11:15:00,280
It wouldn’t be big if we can get
the immigration, which we can get.

721
11:15:00,360 --> 11:15:03,800
But for that you must have
a different system than we have now.

722
11:15:03,880 --> 11:15:09,600
The Russian rearmament of the Arab states
after the Six Day War is causing concern.

723
11:15:09,680 --> 11:15:13,560
You never know what
the Soviet Union is up to.

724
11:15:13,640 --> 11:15:16,280
Well, they’re afraid of China.

725
11:15:17,520 --> 11:15:22,480
And so nobody really can tell
what Russia is going to do.

726
11:15:22,560 --> 11:15:25,320
So they want to win the Arabs,

727
11:15:25,400 --> 11:15:29,400
and they will do many things,
if not anything, to win over the Arabs.

728
11:15:29,480 --> 11:15:34,880
If Russia wanted peace in the Middle East,
then there would be peace.

729
11:15:54,480 --> 11:15:59,760
Of the 6 million Jews exterminated
in German concentration camps,

730
11:15:59,840 --> 11:16:03,080
three and a half million
were Polish Jews.

731
11:16:03,160 --> 11:16:08,520
After the war,
only 150,000 Jews remained in Poland.

732
11:16:08,600 --> 11:16:15,040
Many emigrated to the new Israel,
but many also stayed as staunch communists.

733
11:16:17,320 --> 11:16:21,240
When the new persecutions
started just over two years ago,

734
11:16:21,320 --> 11:16:24,600
there were only
24,000 Jews left in Poland.

735
11:16:24,680 --> 11:16:29,920
Today, there are barely 7,000 left,
and the wave of refugees continues.

736
11:16:31,040 --> 11:16:36,000
Here in Warsaw, nobody wants to make
an official statement about the Jew problem.

737
11:16:36,080 --> 11:16:39,960
During a several-hour
conversation with the Foreign Ministry,

738
11:16:40,040 --> 11:16:45,080
it became clear that the Polish government
in no way considers itself responsible

739
11:16:45,160 --> 11:16:49,800
for the emigration of 24,000 Jews
from Poland in the past two years alone.

740
11:16:49,880 --> 11:16:52,160
They’ve done it voluntarily.

741
11:16:52,240 --> 11:16:56,880
Here in Warsaw, you don’t notice
any anti-Semitic sentiment right now.

742
11:16:56,960 --> 11:17:01,840
Some displays by the university still
serve as a reminder of the Six Day War.

743
11:17:01,920 --> 11:17:07,120
The anti-Semitic propaganda has consistently
taken place under the guise of anti-Zionism,

744
11:17:07,200 --> 11:17:11,280
i.e. propaganda
against the state of Israel.

745
11:17:14,320 --> 11:17:19,320
The refugees arrive with their last
belongings on the Polish state ferry

746
11:17:19,400 --> 11:17:23,440
Three, four dollars in cash is
all the money they’re allowed to take.

747
11:17:23,520 --> 11:17:28,160
Many are afraid and want to remain anonymous
because they have relatives in Poland.

748
11:17:28,240 --> 11:17:34,400
In addition, the memory of the
Nazi concentration camps lives on.

749
11:17:34,480 --> 11:17:39,240
In Rabka they knocked my teeth out.

750
11:17:39,320 --> 11:17:45,200
I lost everything here and here.

751
11:17:45,280 --> 11:17:50,760
And here in my head
I have marks from being beaten.

752
11:17:50,840 --> 11:17:54,720
What concentration camps were you in?

753
11:17:54,800 --> 11:17:59,680
Rabka, Auschwitz, Gleiwitz,

754
11:17:59,760 --> 11:18:03,880
Gross-Rosen, Blechhammer,
Buchenwald, Altenburg.

755
11:18:05,080 --> 11:18:09,360
-Your family?
-If my family was with me? No.

756
11:18:09,440 --> 11:18:12,440
How many?
Father, mother?

757
11:18:12,520 --> 11:18:15,920
Father, mother,
one brother, and two sisters.

758
11:18:16,000 --> 11:18:22,480
After the war I went back to Poland and
I couldn’t find anyone in my family there.

759
11:18:22,560 --> 11:18:27,080
When did you first notice
new persecutions in Poland?

760
11:18:27,160 --> 11:18:29,520
Do you know,
I’d rather not say.

761
11:18:29,600 --> 11:18:33,560
Because then something
might befall my wife.

762
11:18:35,040 --> 11:18:38,880
Can you say why you left Poland?

763
11:18:38,960 --> 11:18:45,840
Because in 1968

764
11:18:45,920 --> 11:18:49,080
it wasn’t easy to be a Jew in Poland.

765
11:19:01,840 --> 11:19:06,240
New Jewish immigrant
groups arrive every day.

766
11:19:06,320 --> 11:19:12,840
Most arrive by train, like those we met
at Vienna’s Eastern Station today.

767
11:19:12,920 --> 11:19:16,080
Young, old, healthy, sick,

768
11:19:16,160 --> 11:19:20,600
from all parts of the Soviet Union,
and all walks of life.

769
11:19:20,680 --> 11:19:23,920
These travellers have come
from Soviet to Poland by train,

770
11:19:24,000 --> 11:19:29,200
continued to Czechoslovakia,
and later crossed the border into Austria.

771
11:19:30,360 --> 11:19:33,680
The checkpoint between
Czechoslovakia and Austria

772
11:19:33,760 --> 11:19:38,000
was where two Arab terrorists
attacked one of these trains on Friday.

773
11:19:38,080 --> 11:19:42,640
They took two Jews and an Austrian
customs officer hostage.

774
11:19:42,720 --> 11:19:45,800
The emigrants often wait
a long time for an exit permit.

775
11:19:45,880 --> 11:19:48,600
They’re often harassed
for wanting to emigrate.

776
11:19:48,680 --> 11:19:52,960
And they lose their
Soviet citizenship upon leaving.

777
11:19:55,400 --> 11:19:59,880
I’m from Vilnius, Lithuania.

778
11:19:59,960 --> 11:20:03,320
-Are you sisters?
-Yes, we’re sisters.

779
11:20:03,400 --> 11:20:08,920
-How many days have you travelled?
-We’ve been traveling for two weeks.

780
11:20:09,000 --> 11:20:11,240
I’m from Minsk.

781
11:20:11,320 --> 11:20:13,720
-What’s your occupation?
-Doctor.

782
11:20:13,800 --> 11:20:17,400
And now you’re on your way to Israel.

783
11:20:17,480 --> 11:20:21,560
Yes, we’re already in Vienna,
I think we’re almost home.

784
11:20:21,640 --> 11:20:24,120
-Do you have many relatives?
-Sister.

785
11:20:24,200 --> 11:20:28,640
My sister is already in Israel.

786
11:20:28,720 --> 11:20:32,360
In the city of Nazareth,
birthplace of Jesus Christ.

787
11:20:32,440 --> 11:20:35,840
Do you think it’s dangerous,

788
11:20:35,920 --> 11:20:40,400
travelling from the Soviet Union
to Israel via Vienna right now?

789
11:20:42,840 --> 11:20:46,440
We don’t know.
It was difficult for us in Poland.

790
11:20:46,520 --> 11:20:50,560
We were abused with all kinds
of words and whatnot.

791
11:20:50,640 --> 11:20:53,400
They hate our nation in general.

792
11:21:11,920 --> 11:21:15,400
Three planes are hijacked
by the Palestine Liberation Front,

793
11:21:15,480 --> 11:21:19,600
and are forced to land in
the desert in northern Jordan.

794
11:21:19,680 --> 11:21:25,280
Close to 500 people are trapped
in the sweltering planes.

795
11:21:28,560 --> 11:21:31,760
One of the most unusual
press conferences ever held

796
11:21:31,840 --> 11:21:35,720
is this one with
the captured passengers and crew.

797
11:21:35,800 --> 11:21:41,720
We managed to get on reasonable terms
with the gentleman hijacking the aeroplane.

798
11:21:41,800 --> 11:21:46,840
Was there any doubt in your mind that
you would in fact fly where he told you to?

799
11:21:46,920 --> 11:21:52,280
I don’t think there’s any doubt
of flying where he told you, no.

800
11:21:52,360 --> 11:21:55,600
The whole point is that
you’ve got a …

801
11:21:55,680 --> 11:21:58,960
a gun at your neck and
you’ve got to fly the aeroplane.

802
11:21:59,040 --> 11:22:04,280
He’s got, presumably, lethal devices
apart from the gun. He told us he had.

803
11:22:04,360 --> 11:22:07,480
And he said if we didn’t do as …

804
11:22:07,560 --> 11:22:12,880
If we didn’t do as he wanted us to do,
he’d just blow the lot up.

805
11:22:12,960 --> 11:22:16,920
-Is there dynamite on the plane?
-I rather think there is.

806
11:22:17,000 --> 11:22:21,400
-Have they threatened to blow you up?
-No. Not at all.

807
11:22:21,480 --> 11:22:27,840
They have told us very little.
Other than that things will be alright.

808
11:22:27,920 --> 11:22:31,160
They told us we would get lunch,
dinner, and tea today.

809
11:22:31,240 --> 11:22:33,600
Sorry.
Breakfast, lunch, and dinner.

810
11:22:33,680 --> 11:22:39,200
-What do you do inside the aircraft?
-Read and do a puzzle or two.

811
11:22:39,280 --> 11:22:44,120
-Are you frightened?
-No. People aren’t frightened now.

812
11:22:44,200 --> 11:22:47,840
I haven’t heard from my parents.
They’ve probably been notified.

813
11:22:53,520 --> 11:22:58,000
Unless you get out of here,
all the passengers will be up again.

814
11:23:00,040 --> 11:23:03,280
The passengers are removed
and later freed.

815
11:23:08,720 --> 11:23:14,120
How did you find the Palestine Commandos
once you landed? How were they?

816
11:23:14,200 --> 11:23:19,480
They were very pleasant, extremely
helpful, very cordial, and very nice.

817
11:23:19,560 --> 11:23:24,240
And they loved the children, which was
something that everybody noticed.

818
11:23:30,400 --> 11:23:35,840
Planes worth millions were blown up, but
all passengers had been brought to safety.

819
11:23:35,920 --> 11:23:41,080
Through the attack, the whole world
now knew what the PLFP stood for.

820
11:24:21,120 --> 11:24:28,400
At five o’clock in the morning on
16 September, the fighting began in Amman.

821
11:24:28,480 --> 11:24:33,640
Two weeks later,
entire neighbourhoods lie in ruins.

822
11:24:33,720 --> 11:24:39,120
The worst devastation is found
in and around the refugee camps.

823
11:24:39,200 --> 11:24:45,600
People who were already struggling
have now lost everything.

824
11:24:45,680 --> 11:24:49,280
-Is this your home?
-Yes, this is our home.

825
11:24:49,360 --> 11:24:53,360
Two houses, destroyed.

826
11:24:53,440 --> 11:24:57,520
The army hit us with an axe.

827
11:24:57,600 --> 11:24:59,640
We will die here.

828
11:24:59,720 --> 11:25:03,960
-What happened to her?
-A bullet came through her head.

829
11:25:04,040 --> 11:25:07,600
And her head’s gone away.
She died.

830
11:25:07,680 --> 11:25:12,840
I held it with my hand
to ask the soldier about it.

831
11:25:12,920 --> 11:25:18,080
Look what you have done! They said,
“Get out. Go inside. I will shoot you now.”

832
11:25:21,200 --> 11:25:25,640
They took us as a punish…
They punish us. Me and my son.

833
11:25:25,720 --> 11:25:29,680
And they took us
out in the desert.

834
11:25:29,760 --> 11:25:31,960
-To a camp.
-To a camp, yes.

835
11:25:32,040 --> 11:25:36,120
And my son,
until now they didn’t get him out.

836
11:25:37,480 --> 11:25:44,080
Just a few tens of kilometres north of
Amman the guerilla-controlled area begins.

837
11:25:44,160 --> 11:25:49,640
There are no government troops here.
None of the King’s men, only Feyadeen.

838
11:25:49,720 --> 11:25:53,800
Here there’s a roadblock by a bridge
that has been damaged by explosives

839
11:25:53,880 --> 11:25:57,640
so that it will no longer carry tanks.

840
11:26:11,760 --> 11:26:17,960
This boy and his older
brother stepped on a landmine.

841
11:26:18,040 --> 11:26:20,640
This is his brother.

842
11:26:42,880 --> 11:26:50,840
The government says the death toll in these
battles is somewhere between 700 and 1,000.

843
11:26:52,800 --> 11:26:58,000
The commando soldiers talk
about tens of thousands of dead.

844
11:26:58,080 --> 11:27:01,080
Twenty to thirty thousand.

845
11:27:01,160 --> 11:27:06,520
The truth is probably somewhere in between.
But one thing is for sure.

846
11:27:06,600 --> 11:27:13,520
It’s the civilian population that is hit
the hardest and is suffering the most.

847
11:27:40,720 --> 11:27:47,040
In Cairo, a ceasefire is signed between King
Hussein and guerilla leader Yassir Arafat.

848
11:27:47,120 --> 11:27:49,480
President Nasser is the mediator.

849
11:28:11,640 --> 11:28:15,840
Most of the Israeli Olympic team
is still held hostage in the basement

850
11:28:15,920 --> 11:28:17,920
of their accommodation.

851
11:28:18,000 --> 11:28:23,400
A group of Palestinian guerilla fighters
penetrated the facility early this morning,

852
11:28:23,480 --> 11:28:27,120
shot an Israeli wrestling
leader to death in his bed,

853
11:28:27,200 --> 11:28:31,080
injured another Israeli who died later.

854
11:28:32,880 --> 11:28:37,800
At five minutes to five volunteer police
officers equipped with machine guns came

855
11:28:37,880 --> 11:28:44,280
to the building where the attackers
are still holed up with their hostages.

856
11:28:44,360 --> 11:28:48,760
Just a few minutes ago, the police
apparently interrupted their plans.

857
11:28:48,840 --> 11:28:54,760
All five policemen who were on the roof
of the Israeli quarters went down again.

858
11:28:54,840 --> 11:29:02,200
The guerrillas demand that 200 Palestinians
imprisoned in Israel be released,

859
11:29:02,280 --> 11:29:07,000
or else the hostages
will be shot, they have said.

860
11:29:10,560 --> 11:29:17,240
When the Lufthansa plane landed,
the helicopters arrived with the hostages.

861
11:29:17,320 --> 11:29:23,120
Two of the terrorists approached
the Lufthansa plane to examine it,

862
11:29:23,200 --> 11:29:25,880
and suddenly shots were fired.

863
11:29:25,960 --> 11:29:30,240
Apparently,
the police had snipers in position.

864
11:29:30,320 --> 11:29:33,960
They managed to kill
three of the terrorists.

865
11:29:34,040 --> 11:29:38,080
One reportedly committed suicide.
One is now being chased

866
11:29:38,160 --> 11:29:45,200
by a posse of policemen,
with tanks, motorbikes, and dogs,

867
11:29:45,280 --> 11:29:50,160
and here around the Airport
is the constant sound of …

868
11:29:50,240 --> 11:29:52,880
It is half past two in the morning.

869
11:29:52,960 --> 11:29:57,360
We hear shots.
A policeman has reportedly been killed.

870
11:29:57,440 --> 11:30:02,120
And one of the helicopters is on fire.

871
11:30:14,040 --> 11:30:17,880
Were they right
to continue the Olympic Games?

872
11:30:17,960 --> 11:30:22,640
Let them carry on with their hullaballoo.
They’re doing their thing.

873
11:30:22,720 --> 11:30:28,240
As you can see, there are guys
who dare to act, to give their lives …

874
11:30:28,320 --> 11:30:31,040
-You think they did well?
-Maybe.

875
11:30:31,120 --> 11:30:38,040
If you see it from
the Palestinians point of view, it’s good.

876
11:30:38,120 --> 11:30:41,200
It’s good that they’re
putting an end to the misery.

877
11:30:41,280 --> 11:30:44,240
-But they’re not.
-Really?

878
11:30:44,320 --> 11:30:48,160
Despite even Nixon being against it?

879
11:31:28,000 --> 11:31:31,680
It’s an abominable,
disgusting act of violence.

880
11:31:31,760 --> 11:31:36,360
My deepest sympathy with
the victims of this act of violence.

881
11:31:36,440 --> 11:31:42,120
What can the politicians of the world
do to prevent such acts of violence?

882
11:31:42,200 --> 11:31:46,160
There is a growing
tendency towards terror.

883
11:31:47,400 --> 11:31:49,400
Acts of violence.

884
11:31:49,480 --> 11:31:52,840
You have to intervene against them,
try to prevent them.

885
11:31:52,920 --> 11:31:56,440
And at the same time
try to eliminate the root cause,

886
11:31:56,520 --> 11:32:02,200
there’s always a reason
for such senseless deeds.

887
11:32:02,280 --> 11:32:05,800
And make a more peaceful world.
But it’s getting harder

888
11:32:05,880 --> 11:32:08,960
to protect oneself against fanatics.

889
11:33:18,920 --> 11:33:23,320
The criticism of Israel’s
politics have begun to be felt.

890
11:33:23,400 --> 11:33:29,560
In Sweden, too, the debate about Israel
changed somewhat after the Six Day War.

891
11:33:29,640 --> 11:33:34,000
In the past, Israel has been seen
as the weaker party in the conflict.

892
11:33:34,080 --> 11:33:41,560
Since 1967 many have begun to view Israel
as the stronger party, not least militarily.

893
11:33:41,640 --> 11:33:45,800
In addition,
people have become a more aware of

894
11:33:45,880 --> 11:33:49,760
the rights of the Palestinian nation.

895
11:33:49,840 --> 11:33:55,400
Previously, most people probably knew
hardly anything about the Palestinians.

896
11:33:55,480 --> 11:33:59,360
It appears as if
many believed that

897
11:33:59,440 --> 11:34:03,000
this area was practically
devoid of people

898
11:34:03,080 --> 11:34:07,560
when the Jews immigrated
after the Second World War.

899
11:34:07,640 --> 11:34:12,040
I also think that many people think
that it is unreasonable that a state

900
11:34:12,120 --> 11:34:15,840
exists on a religious foundation.

901
11:34:18,280 --> 11:34:22,480
I think that Israel’s friends are
still in the majority in Sweden.

902
11:34:22,560 --> 11:34:28,440
It is, after all, a society that is
based on socialist, democratic values.

903
11:34:28,520 --> 11:34:32,440
Israel is developing quickly.
Economically, technologically.

904
11:34:32,520 --> 11:34:38,160
It’s becoming a developed industrial state
with the usual characteristics,

905
11:34:38,240 --> 11:34:41,720
and some of the negative
phenomena that come with that.

906
11:34:41,800 --> 11:34:48,000
But I still think that it’s a very friendly
society, a society based on solidarity.

907
11:34:49,920 --> 11:34:54,400
This is the town of Ramla. A little
over 10 kilometres outside of Tel Aviv.

908
11:34:54,480 --> 11:34:57,560
Most of the poor are oriental Jews

909
11:34:57,640 --> 11:35:03,360
who have come from countries like
Morocco, Iraq, Bulgaria and Turkey.

910
11:35:03,440 --> 11:35:06,400
Oriental Jews are called Sephardim

911
11:35:06,480 --> 11:35:10,840
and make up more than half
of the Jewish population in Israel.

912
11:35:10,920 --> 11:35:13,720
The difference between them
and Ashkenazim,

913
11:35:13,800 --> 11:35:17,640
Jews from Europe and the US,
is frighteningly large.

914
11:35:17,720 --> 11:35:20,040
-How many people live here?
-Six.

915
11:35:20,120 --> 11:35:22,760
-Six?
-Yes.

916
11:35:22,840 --> 11:35:26,560
-And how do you sleep?
-All of us together.

917
11:35:26,640 --> 11:35:29,600
-How many children do you have?
-Four.

918
11:35:29,680 --> 11:35:33,400
-Have you always lived here?
-I’m from Bulgaria.

919
11:35:33,480 --> 11:35:36,400
-What’s it like to live here?
-Not good.

920
11:35:36,480 --> 11:35:40,040
Have you turned to anyone
and asked for better housing?

921
11:35:40,120 --> 11:35:42,280
To social services.

922
11:35:42,360 --> 11:35:45,440
-And what do they say?
-Nothing.

923
11:35:45,520 --> 11:35:48,800
-They say they don’t have anything?
-Nothing.

924
11:35:54,560 --> 11:35:58,080
The Black Panthers

925
11:35:58,160 --> 11:36:02,000
Israel’s Black Panthers
have waged a fierce battle

926
11:36:02,080 --> 11:36:05,240
for the rights of
Oriental Jews for some years now.

927
11:36:05,320 --> 11:36:11,680
Some cases are worse, some are better,
but there are tens of thousands of cases.

928
11:36:11,760 --> 11:36:19,040
And this is the result of our government,
our regime, our Zionism.

929
11:36:19,120 --> 11:36:25,040
And in my opinion this is simply the biggest
crime that can happen today in the world.

930
11:36:25,120 --> 11:36:32,080
It is the biggest crime, to abandon people.
First bring them from their countries,

931
11:36:32,160 --> 11:36:36,080
promise them hills and mountains,
and leave them like this,

932
11:36:36,160 --> 11:36:40,240
in a terrible situation,
as you have seen.

933
11:36:40,320 --> 11:36:44,120
Enough of the poverty

934
11:36:44,200 --> 11:36:48,120
People are starting to
understand their situation.

935
11:36:48,200 --> 11:36:51,360
Particularly people who are poor.

936
11:36:51,440 --> 11:36:56,320
And there is a willingness to fight,
which wasn’t always there.

937
11:36:56,400 --> 11:36:59,520
Before people were always
suffering in silence.

938
11:36:59,600 --> 11:37:03,440
Today, it’s more accepted
in the world that the State of Israel

939
11:37:03,520 --> 11:37:07,080
is like any other capitalist country.

940
11:37:07,160 --> 11:37:10,880
That there’s poverty and those
who thrive at the expense of others.

941
11:37:10,960 --> 11:37:16,040
There is no difference between Israel
and America and other countries.

942
11:37:20,360 --> 11:37:25,400
Around 400,000 Arabs live
in the State of Israel.

943
11:37:25,480 --> 11:37:30,000
They are Israeli citizens but are
discriminated against in various ways.

944
11:37:30,080 --> 11:37:33,880
They are second class
citizens of the Jewish state.

945
11:37:33,960 --> 11:37:37,560
So say the critics,
who also exist within the country,

946
11:37:37,640 --> 11:37:42,880
like Israel’s
Human Rights Association.

947
11:37:42,960 --> 11:37:47,320
Israel doesn’t keep equal
law for all its citizens.

948
11:37:47,400 --> 11:37:54,280
It prefers certain people of certain a race,
religion and nationality over others.

949
11:37:54,360 --> 11:37:57,720
We Jews would never
tolerate such persecution

950
11:37:57,800 --> 11:38:01,400
of a Jewish minority
in any other country.

951
11:38:01,480 --> 11:38:07,280
Nor should we tolerate it in Israel,
when we make it over others.

952
11:38:07,360 --> 11:38:12,200
My greater difference with my
Prime Minister Mrs. Golda Meir is

953
11:38:12,280 --> 11:38:18,240
that she had the impudence to say,
about six weeks or two months ago,

954
11:38:18,320 --> 11:38:25,320
that she worries through the night
about how many babies were born last night,

955
11:38:25,400 --> 11:38:29,560
how many Arabs and how many Jews.

956
11:38:29,640 --> 11:38:32,720
And she is a socialist,
she calls herself a socialist.

957
11:38:32,800 --> 11:38:39,320
Now I call this not only the
most shocking reactionary opinion,

958
11:38:39,400 --> 11:38:42,720
I think only Enoch Powell
in England worries about it,

959
11:38:42,800 --> 11:38:48,680
but I compare it, and I’m not
afraid to say it, with nazi opinions.

960
11:38:48,760 --> 11:38:55,200
Perhaps not Nazi as it was in the 40s,
I was in Bergen Belsen for nearly two years,

961
11:38:55,280 --> 11:39:00,680
but racist and Nazi as it was
in the 20s and 30s.

962
11:39:00,760 --> 11:39:05,000
Because Nazism has its beginning,
and its beginning in the 20s

963
11:39:05,080 --> 11:39:08,840
was a worry about how many
Jewish babies are in Germany

964
11:39:08,920 --> 11:39:13,720
and how many Jews are filling
such and such positions in Germany.

965
11:39:13,800 --> 11:39:16,360
And this is the beginning of Nazism.

966
11:39:16,440 --> 11:39:22,600
I do hold an opinion that our society,
or my society of which I am a part

967
11:39:22,680 --> 11:39:27,000
and a law-abiding citizen,
is undergoing a process of Nazification.

968
11:39:27,080 --> 11:39:32,800
This is my duty, like it was the duty
of a German 30 or 40 years ago,

969
11:39:32,880 --> 11:39:37,600
to do anything by lawful
and democratic means to prevent

970
11:39:37,680 --> 11:39:41,760
the process of Nazification
of my society and my people.

971
11:40:18,560 --> 11:40:23,720
In the territories captured by Israel
live around 1 million Arabs.

972
11:40:23,800 --> 11:40:29,200
Their situation has changed
dramatically since the Six Day War.

973
11:40:29,280 --> 11:40:32,640
Some kilometres south of
Jerusalem lies the city of Hebron,

974
11:40:32,720 --> 11:40:36,000
which also belonged
to Jordan before 1967.

975
11:40:37,080 --> 11:40:41,600
Well, I never looked at it as
occupied territory, the West Bank.

976
11:40:41,680 --> 11:40:46,560
Because since I was a little girl,
I come from a religious family,

977
11:40:46,640 --> 11:40:50,840
and we have the Bible
and the books of the prophets.

978
11:40:50,920 --> 11:40:55,560
And there Hebron is mentioned
as the place where Abraham lived.

979
11:40:55,640 --> 11:41:01,960
And I never bothered concerning
myself too much with the political aspects.

980
11:41:02,040 --> 11:41:07,440
It was written that the Jews would come
back to Israel from all parts of the world.

981
11:41:07,520 --> 11:41:10,200
So when we saw
the miracle starting to happen

982
11:41:10,280 --> 11:41:14,240
we were surprised and we sort
of couldn’t believe our eyes ourselves.

983
11:41:14,320 --> 11:41:19,200
But as time goes on, we see that
prophecy after prophecy is being fulfilled.

984
11:41:19,280 --> 11:41:22,600
So we’re starting to take it
rather naturally.

985
11:41:23,680 --> 11:41:27,200
Rahmat Makschemin on
the Golan Heights is a sort of kibbutz,

986
11:41:27,280 --> 11:41:30,240
i.e. an entirely civilian facility.

987
11:41:30,320 --> 11:41:35,880
Why did you come to live here?
I mean, it’s not exactly a friendly place.

988
11:41:37,880 --> 11:41:40,400
That’s a hard question to answer.

989
11:41:40,480 --> 11:41:44,480
This is part of Israel.
People have to live here.

990
11:41:44,560 --> 11:41:48,560
But it’s also convenient. The government
helps us, in terms of housing.

991
11:41:48,640 --> 11:41:51,680
Each month we have
new people joining us.

992
11:41:51,760 --> 11:41:57,160
The government says that this is
going to be kept as Israeli territory.

993
11:41:57,240 --> 11:42:02,240
That’s the understanding.
That’s why they have settlements here.

994
11:42:04,640 --> 11:42:07,880
The Gaza Strip will not
be separated from Israel either.

995
11:42:07,960 --> 11:42:13,000
Not even after a peace agreement
has it been said in official statements.

996
11:42:13,080 --> 11:42:18,120
This is contrary to
the resolution adopted by the UN in 1967

997
11:42:18,200 --> 11:42:21,960
and reaffirmed
as recently as December 1972.

998
11:42:22,040 --> 11:42:26,960
It states that occupied
territories must be returned.

999
11:42:52,880 --> 11:42:56,400
The attack came
on the holiest of Israel’s holidays.

1000
11:42:56,480 --> 11:42:59,840
Israel was not prepared.
Egypt was very successful.

1001
11:42:59,920 --> 11:43:05,440
They recaptured much of their old land on
the other side of the Suez, along the canal.

1002
11:43:05,520 --> 11:43:08,320
The actual crossing
of the canal was filmed.

1003
11:43:08,400 --> 11:43:14,240
No battles were filmed,
but they did film the joy of the soldiers.

1004
11:43:15,760 --> 11:43:19,680
Here, two Arab states attacked
simultaneously on separate fronts,

1005
11:43:19,760 --> 11:43:21,760
in a well-coordinated attack.

1006
11:43:21,840 --> 11:43:25,480
The Syrian army went
deep into the Golan Heights,

1007
11:43:25,560 --> 11:43:29,880
which was occupied by Israel since 1967.

1008
11:43:34,680 --> 11:43:39,360
It took a couple of days before
the Israeli war machine came up to speed.

1009
11:43:39,440 --> 11:43:42,800
They were met with fierce resistance.

1010
11:43:44,320 --> 11:43:50,600
Advanced Soviet missiles managed to make
a lot of trouble for the Israeli Air Force.

1011
11:43:58,320 --> 11:44:03,960
President Sadat said the other day,
“war must go on”.

1012
11:44:04,040 --> 11:44:09,200
And he’s prepared
to sacrifice a million men every year.

1013
11:44:10,320 --> 11:44:12,320
One shudders.

1014
11:44:12,400 --> 11:44:17,320
Not at the thought only of
a million men giving away their lives,

1015
11:44:17,400 --> 11:44:22,280
but that the head of a people can say it.

1016
11:44:22,360 --> 11:44:26,440
We don’t want dead on our side.

1017
11:44:26,520 --> 11:44:30,760
We have no joy in causing death to others.

1018
11:44:30,840 --> 11:44:36,800
But this people, small as it is,
surrounded as it is by enemies,

1019
11:44:36,880 --> 11:44:38,960
has decided to live.

1020
11:44:39,040 --> 11:44:45,320
And if we have to pay the price
for living, we have to pay it.

1021
11:44:55,080 --> 11:44:58,800
Secretary of State Abba Eban
appeared at a major rally in New York

1022
11:44:58,880 --> 11:45:02,600
to support the rapidly accelerating
campaign among American Jews

1023
11:45:02,680 --> 11:45:04,680
to raise money for Israel.

1024
11:45:04,760 --> 11:45:09,200
Israel wants your love and your solidarity.

1025
11:45:09,280 --> 11:45:14,240
Do we have your love
and your solidarity?

1026
11:45:15,640 --> 11:45:19,520
If we do, then our victory is sure.

1027
11:45:19,600 --> 11:45:25,160
And we shall come out of the darkness
into a resplendent dawn.

1028
11:45:25,240 --> 11:45:29,360
During the first week
of the Middle Eastern war

1029
11:45:29,440 --> 11:45:33,400
the cash flow is up to over
one million dollars per hour.

1030
11:45:33,480 --> 11:45:37,680
We have businessmen who themselves
give large amounts of money,

1031
11:45:37,760 --> 11:45:39,760
who are coming to our office,

1032
11:45:39,840 --> 11:45:43,120
I would say 18 hours,
because we have to close by midnight,

1033
11:45:43,200 --> 11:45:45,400
you can’t call people after midnight…

1034
11:45:45,480 --> 11:45:52,920
They call up individuals and solicit what
we call very large individual contributions.

1035
11:46:13,760 --> 11:46:16,880
It’s now the seventh day
of the war in the Middle East.

1036
11:46:16,960 --> 11:46:19,600
Hard clashes in the north,
as in the last few days.

1037
11:46:19,680 --> 11:46:23,040
The war is taking its toll on the Israelis,

1038
11:46:23,120 --> 11:46:26,960
as shown in this report
from the Israeli side of the Golan Heights.

1039
11:46:27,040 --> 11:46:33,600
The jets flew in, one after another,
in an awesome display of air power.

1040
11:46:33,680 --> 11:46:36,080
There were no Syrian planes to be seen.

1041
11:46:36,160 --> 11:46:39,120
Heavy losses for Israel,
they said on TV.

1042
11:46:39,200 --> 11:46:41,880
How does it feel to watch
the war on TV in Sweden?

1043
11:46:41,960 --> 11:46:44,680
It feels very, very bad.

1044
11:46:44,760 --> 11:46:50,080
That the boys are falling at the front.

1045
11:46:53,280 --> 11:46:57,880
-Yes…
-Who will win the war?

1046
11:46:57,960 --> 11:47:04,320
I’m sure that Israel will win the war.

1047
11:47:04,400 --> 11:47:09,240
Not only with its own forces, but with
the help of the United States as well?

1048
11:47:09,320 --> 11:47:13,560
These include attacks on targets
in Damascus, the Syrian capital,

1049
11:47:13,640 --> 11:47:16,600
where there have been
civilian casualties.

1050
11:47:16,680 --> 11:47:23,120
How does it feel for a Palestinian
to watch the war on TV in Sweden?

1051
11:47:23,200 --> 11:47:26,080
It feels uncomfortable, it feels worrying.

1052
11:47:26,160 --> 11:47:31,720
You hear contradictory reports,
you never quite know what is going on.

1053
11:47:31,800 --> 11:47:34,320
You start to worry.

1054
11:47:34,400 --> 11:47:36,920
I know many of the guerrillas.

1055
11:47:37,000 --> 11:47:41,640
And I assume that most Arabs
here in Sweden have a relative,

1056
11:47:41,720 --> 11:47:46,640
acquaintance, friend,
or schoolmate in the guerrillas.

1057
11:47:49,320 --> 11:47:52,960
But I feel that the Swedish people believe

1058
11:47:53,040 --> 11:47:56,200
that it’s the Arabs
who have caused the problem.

1059
11:47:56,280 --> 11:48:03,840
And I would like to say that this problem
is not a problem between Arabs and Jews.

1060
11:48:03,920 --> 11:48:06,200
We have nothing against Jews.

1061
11:48:06,280 --> 11:48:09,640
We have lived together for
thousands and thousands of years.

1062
11:48:09,720 --> 11:48:14,440
The problem is primarily
between Arabs and Zionists.

1063
11:48:14,520 --> 11:48:20,760
But above them are the other big fish,
poking and prodding just to do something.

1064
11:48:20,840 --> 11:48:24,440
How much does this war affect us?

1065
11:48:24,520 --> 11:48:29,440
Well the oil could become an issue.

1066
11:48:29,520 --> 11:48:35,800
And then there’s who controls the
Middle East, the Russians or the Americans.

1067
11:48:35,880 --> 11:48:38,000
Do you often discuss the matter?

1068
11:48:38,080 --> 11:48:41,680
Oh yes, we’ve had pretty big
discussions the last few days.

1069
11:48:41,760 --> 11:48:46,280
It’s all we talk about. Wild theories
on what’s going to happen next.

1070
11:48:46,360 --> 11:48:48,640
-How do you all sympathize?
-50/50.

1071
11:48:48,720 --> 11:48:53,600
-You don’t believe it’s the last war?
-No, I don’t think so.

1072
11:48:53,680 --> 11:48:58,080
The Americans have to keep their
military industrial complex running.

1073
11:48:58,160 --> 11:49:03,320
I think a prerequisite for peace is
that they return the occupied territories.

1074
11:49:03,400 --> 11:49:08,360
Then there’s a chance.
And the Arab world must recognise Israel.

1075
11:49:08,440 --> 11:49:11,800
-They’ll never…
-They’re never going to return it.

1076
11:49:11,880 --> 11:49:15,880
Israeli tanks and troop carriers
rode on right through the barrage.

1077
11:49:15,960 --> 11:49:20,760
And continued to drive on,
deep into Syrian territory.

1078
11:49:20,840 --> 11:49:25,560
Have you been
in combat yourself? Before.

1079
11:49:25,640 --> 11:49:28,920
Yes, in ’67.

1080
11:49:29,000 --> 11:49:35,520
During the Six Day War, also in Sinai.

1081
11:49:35,600 --> 11:49:38,080
Can you tell me about it?

1082
11:49:38,160 --> 11:49:40,800
Yes.

1083
11:49:40,880 --> 11:49:47,920
War is war, and that’s something…
What can I say?

1084
11:49:48,000 --> 11:49:54,400
It’s… It’s a very difficult experience.

1085
11:49:54,480 --> 11:49:59,840
I saw an Egyptian soldier, an officer,

1086
11:49:59,920 --> 11:50:05,640
lying on the sand, in the sun.

1087
11:50:07,240 --> 11:50:15,000
And he had a piece of paper
in his pocket, that I could see.

1088
11:50:15,080 --> 11:50:19,120
And because he was an officer,

1089
11:50:19,200 --> 11:50:25,240
I thought it might be
a document or something of interest.

1090
11:50:25,320 --> 11:50:30,320
And then when I removed
the piece of paper,

1091
11:50:30,400 --> 11:50:36,640
I realised that it was a letter.

1092
11:50:36,720 --> 11:50:43,320
It was a sort of love letter, in Arabic.
And I read the letter.

1093
11:50:46,040 --> 11:50:53,640
And… when I read the letter,
I realised that…

1094
11:50:53,720 --> 11:50:58,320
the guy and the lady,

1095
11:50:58,400 --> 11:51:05,240
or the woman who wrote the letter,
had recently gotten married.

1096
11:51:05,320 --> 11:51:11,120
There is a sense of responsibility
that you have been given.

1097
11:51:11,200 --> 11:51:16,520
Without having sought
the responsibility of actually…

1098
11:51:16,600 --> 11:51:19,560
condemn someone to death.

1099
11:51:33,480 --> 11:51:36,640
The third Egyptian army corps was encircled

1100
11:51:36,720 --> 11:51:41,280
in the final days before the ceasefire
came into force in the Sinai Peninsula.

1101
11:51:41,360 --> 11:51:44,200
More than 20,000 Egyptian soldiers are

1102
11:51:44,280 --> 11:51:48,640
behind the sand banks
on the other side of the canal.

1103
11:51:48,720 --> 11:51:51,080
Every day, around 50 of the soldiers,

1104
11:51:51,160 --> 11:51:54,880
who have been surrounded
in the desert for two months,

1105
11:51:54,960 --> 11:51:57,840
cross the canal to collect supplies.

1106
11:51:57,920 --> 11:52:02,440
Without supplies,
the soldiers would quickly perish.

1107
11:52:02,520 --> 11:52:07,120
Many attempts have been made
to explain why the Israelis agreed to this.

1108
11:52:07,200 --> 11:52:10,720
One was that the US
forced Israel to make a concession.

1109
11:52:10,800 --> 11:52:15,480
Egypt, and indirectly the Soviets,
could not be allowed to lose face completely

1110
11:52:15,560 --> 11:52:19,520
through the loss of an entire army corps.

1111
11:52:32,520 --> 11:52:35,520
The Lebanese and Israeli roads

1112
11:52:35,600 --> 11:52:39,160
run in parallel along
the barbed wire fence of the border.

1113
11:52:39,240 --> 11:52:45,120
The guerrillas sometimes cross over,
and this is followed by Israeli retaliation.

1114
11:52:45,200 --> 11:52:48,360
11 April.
Guerillas attack Kiryat Shmona.

1115
11:52:48,440 --> 11:52:51,720
Several children were killed
when they were thrown

1116
11:52:51,800 --> 11:52:57,160
from the house that the guerrillas stormed.
The final battle was extremely violent.

1117
11:52:57,240 --> 11:53:02,680
When the guerrillas realised their hopeless
situation they blew themselves to pieces.

1118
11:53:02,760 --> 11:53:05,600
Israeli revenge against
Lebanon two days later.

1119
11:53:05,680 --> 11:53:09,320
Attack on six villages.
Two women killed. Civilians taken.

1120
11:53:09,400 --> 11:53:13,400
24 houses are blown up,
but the guerrillas escape.

1121
11:53:13,480 --> 11:53:17,680
Like we came last night
we can do it again.

1122
11:53:17,760 --> 11:53:24,360
To say it in a very clear way:
if we cannot live at peace on our side,

1123
11:53:24,440 --> 11:53:29,480
then eventually the entire southern part
of Lebanon won’t be able to live there.

1124
11:53:31,520 --> 11:53:37,640
The Lebanese population is caught
in the war between Israel and Palestine.

1125
11:53:37,720 --> 11:53:41,600
We receive all kinds of people,

1126
11:53:41,680 --> 11:53:45,480
We very seldom receive guerillas.

1127
11:53:45,560 --> 11:53:52,640
Some people pick up what looks like toys,
but that are thrown by the Israeli people.

1128
11:53:52,720 --> 11:53:56,480
This boy, he saw a pencil.

1129
11:53:56,560 --> 11:53:59,560
Of course,
it was attractive to that little boy.

1130
11:53:59,640 --> 11:54:04,080
He picked it up, and that exploded.

1131
11:54:04,160 --> 11:54:07,760
And this resulted in the loss
of both hands.

1132
11:54:07,840 --> 11:54:14,760
We saved him.
But it’s a very sad situation.

1133
11:54:14,840 --> 11:54:19,200
A twelve year old boy without two hands.

1134
11:54:36,280 --> 11:54:40,080
If Nikita Khrushchev and his shoe
during the 1960 General Assembly

1135
11:54:40,160 --> 11:54:43,240
is one of the eternal
memories of the UN Building,

1136
11:54:43,320 --> 11:54:46,480
there is no doubt that
this year’s eternal memory is

1137
11:54:46,560 --> 11:54:52,440
when Yassir Arafat, his revolver holster
visible, spoke in the Palestine debate.

1138
11:54:52,520 --> 11:54:56,440
This is an important occasion.

1139
11:54:56,520 --> 11:55:04,240
The Palestinian case is
again brought before the United Nations.

1140
11:55:04,320 --> 11:55:07,960
He said that he came
bearing a freedom fighter’s rifle,

1141
11:55:08,040 --> 11:55:12,360
but also an olive branch of peace.

1142
11:55:13,560 --> 11:55:20,160
The only answer we got
after the speech was from Mr Rabin.

1143
11:55:20,240 --> 11:55:27,320
He said: “The only negotiation we will
have with the PLO is in the battlefield.”

1144
11:55:27,400 --> 11:55:31,080
But on the other side,
we have received different answers

1145
11:55:31,160 --> 11:55:34,200
from the majority
of the world’s public opinion.

1146
11:55:34,280 --> 11:55:41,520
And all the Arab world is recognising
the PLO and the rights of our people.

1147
11:55:41,600 --> 11:55:47,440
And all our people are now united
under the leadership of the PLO.

1148
11:55:47,520 --> 11:55:53,520
These factors make
our independence closer.

1149
11:55:56,000 --> 11:56:01,760
But almost simultaneously,
other guerrillas attacked Beit Shean.

1150
11:56:01,840 --> 11:56:08,520
In a senseless rage Israelis burn
the guerrilla men’s dead bodies.

1151
11:56:53,920 --> 11:56:59,720
The place is called El-Nagila
and is originally an old railway station

1152
11:56:59,800 --> 11:57:02,320
on the railway between Gaza and Cairo.

1153
11:57:02,400 --> 11:57:07,800
For three weeks straight,
the boys serve in the so-called buffer zone

1154
11:57:07,880 --> 11:57:10,680
between the armies of Israel and Egypt.

1155
11:57:12,320 --> 11:57:17,520
In summer, the temperature can sometimes
reach 50 degrees in the shade.

1156
11:57:17,600 --> 11:57:20,520
If any shade can be found.

1157
11:57:20,600 --> 11:57:25,640
Nothing but sand and mines
as far as the eye can see.

1158
11:57:29,160 --> 11:57:33,440
What makes someone want
to serve in the UN? Is it for the thrill?

1159
11:57:33,520 --> 11:57:37,360
-I suppose it’s different from man to man.
-The experiences.

1160
11:57:37,440 --> 11:57:41,040
-The things we do for peace.
-Right.

1161
11:57:42,320 --> 11:57:47,760
In short, I’m grateful
if I can escape the Swedish

1162
11:57:47,840 --> 11:57:54,120
cornucopia for a few months.
That’s means a lot to me.

1163
11:57:54,200 --> 11:57:58,920
-It puts Sweden in perspective?
-I think so. We’re spoiled in Sweden.

1164
11:57:59,000 --> 11:58:01,720
It is nice to get out and…

1165
11:58:01,800 --> 11:58:07,360
see some of the actual problems
that exist out in the world.

1166
11:58:09,800 --> 11:58:15,800
-How many highs have there been?
-Not a whole lot.

1167
11:58:15,880 --> 11:58:19,360
Where did you find all that wood
out here in the desert?

1168
11:58:19,440 --> 11:58:23,400
-The railway sleepers.
-From the old railway?

1169
11:58:23,480 --> 11:58:29,200
Being from Tornedal we’re used
to the sauna, we can’t live without it.

1170
11:58:40,640 --> 11:58:42,600
We also have some news.

1171
11:58:42,680 --> 11:58:48,840
Henry Kissinger, US Secretary of State,
lands in Israel tomorrow to talk with Rabin.

1172
11:58:48,920 --> 11:58:53,240
He said today what he said yesterday.
He is prepared to give up land in Sinai,

1173
11:58:53,320 --> 11:58:56,960
on the condition
that the Egyptian side is prepared

1174
11:58:57,040 --> 11:59:00,600
to sign an agreement of non-aggression.

1175
11:59:02,520 --> 11:59:06,200
Back-and-forth negotiations
here in Jerusalem.

1176
11:59:06,280 --> 11:59:09,400
Then Aswan, then Damascus.

1177
11:59:09,480 --> 11:59:13,240
Henry Kissinger rushes between
Middle Eastern negotiating tables.

1178
11:59:13,320 --> 11:59:18,440
This is what creates the image of Kissinger
as the man who is carving out the new peace.

1179
11:59:18,520 --> 11:59:23,280
But in Israel, the image of
him is different: strongly critical.

1180
11:59:23,360 --> 11:59:29,240
Kissinger is considered more empathetic
towards the Arabs than the Israelis.

1181
11:59:36,880 --> 11:59:40,960
On 22 March, a bitter
Henry Kissinger left his headquarters

1182
11:59:41,040 --> 11:59:44,080
at Hotel King David in Jerusalem.

1183
11:59:44,160 --> 11:59:47,960
Kissinger later revealed
that it was Israel’s rigid stance

1184
11:59:48,040 --> 11:59:51,200
that caused the negotiations to break down.

1185
11:59:51,280 --> 11:59:55,280
Kissinger’s method
of breaking down differences

1186
11:59:55,360 --> 12:00:00,400
in order to create a comprehensive
solution failed miserably.

1187
12:00:00,480 --> 12:00:04,760
The American flag at the embassy in Tel-Aviv

1188
12:00:04,840 --> 12:00:09,040
used to symbolise
a strong support for the Israeli cause,

1189
12:00:09,120 --> 12:00:12,920
but now the US government will
rethink its Middle East policy

1190
12:00:13,000 --> 12:00:16,680
and thus its relations with Israel.

1191
12:00:16,760 --> 12:00:20,320
There is nothing to reassess
about the Middle East.

1192
12:00:20,400 --> 12:00:22,680
-They say so.
-No.

1193
12:00:22,760 --> 12:00:30,520
They reassess America’s strategy
and diplomacy in the world.

1194
12:00:30,600 --> 12:00:33,280
During the last month or two

1195
12:00:33,360 --> 12:00:38,040
events in the Middle East were not
the worst happenings vis-à-vis America.

1196
12:00:38,120 --> 12:00:42,320
The lessons that should be drawn
from other theatres of war is

1197
12:00:42,400 --> 12:00:47,520
that Israel should be capable
of defending itself by itself, for itself.

1198
12:00:47,600 --> 12:00:51,720
So you are not afraid of what will come
out of this reassessment, then?

1199
12:00:51,800 --> 12:00:56,160
Fear is a very evil adviser.

1200
12:00:56,240 --> 12:00:59,840
You know what
President Roosevelt said once?

1201
12:00:59,920 --> 12:01:02,680
Fear nothing but fear.

1202
12:01:08,880 --> 12:01:13,920
I can give this guarantee of
non-belligerency on the borders

1203
12:01:14,000 --> 12:01:19,080
when they withdraw to my borders.
And mark this:

1204
12:01:19,160 --> 12:01:25,440
I shall not make
any separate agreement with Israel.

1205
12:01:25,520 --> 12:01:27,880
As a matter of fact
I must tell you this.

1206
12:01:27,960 --> 12:01:33,040
The Palestinian question is the core
of the whole problem in the Middle East.

1207
12:01:33,120 --> 12:01:37,720
It is not Sinai or the Golan Heights.
It is the Palestinian question.

1208
12:01:37,800 --> 12:01:44,440
So with the PLO,
everything can be solved.

1209
12:02:11,200 --> 12:02:16,120
Beirut, Tuesday. Kissinger’s
negotiations between Egypt and Israel

1210
12:02:16,200 --> 12:02:18,320
escalate tensions in Lebanon,

1211
12:02:18,400 --> 12:02:22,880
the Arab country where Palestinians
enjoy the greatest freedom of movement.

1212
12:02:22,960 --> 12:02:27,120
In this programme we give the Palestinian
perspective on the situation.

1213
12:02:27,200 --> 12:02:34,720
We will escalate our military
operation inside our occupied land,

1214
12:02:34,800 --> 12:02:39,000
and we will escalate our struggle
in different branches,

1215
12:02:39,080 --> 12:02:44,440
politically, diplomatically,
and between our people too.

1216
12:02:44,520 --> 12:02:48,680
Kissinger came here to finalise

1217
12:02:48,760 --> 12:02:55,000
what had been worked out between the
capitulationist Egyptian regime and Israel.

1218
12:02:55,080 --> 12:03:00,360
Do you consider Mr Sadat a traitor?

1219
12:03:00,440 --> 12:03:05,680
Well, when we say that the
Egyptian regime is capitulationist,

1220
12:03:05,760 --> 12:03:09,560
we mean that he had already
surrendered to imperialism.

1221
12:03:09,640 --> 12:03:14,560
‘Yankee go Home’ demand the Israelis
on the right and the Arabs on the left.

1222
12:03:14,640 --> 12:03:17,600
At least they agree on something,
says Kissinger.

1223
12:03:17,680 --> 12:03:22,040
And here he’s criticised for turning
a blind eye to the Palestinian cause.

1224
12:03:22,120 --> 12:03:25,840
To disrupt the Egyptian-Israeli negotiations

1225
12:03:25,920 --> 12:03:30,200
the militant extremist
group PFLP last week sent

1226
12:03:30,280 --> 12:03:34,520
a suicide patrol to attack
an Israeli kibbutz last week.

1227
12:03:34,600 --> 12:03:39,560
After a six-hour firefight
the three guerrilla fighters were killed.

1228
12:03:40,800 --> 12:03:44,960
The other day,
you sent a suicide squad into Israel.

1229
12:03:45,040 --> 12:03:48,200
Will you increase those actions?

1230
12:03:49,240 --> 12:03:51,960
We’ve already announced
that we will escalate

1231
12:03:52,040 --> 12:03:55,160
our operations against the Israeli enemy.

1232
12:03:55,240 --> 12:03:59,640
You yourself are wounded.
How come?

1233
12:03:59,720 --> 12:04:02,080
Is it to do with the fight?

1234
12:04:04,560 --> 12:04:10,400
It has to do with
the terrorist attitude of the Israelis.

1235
12:04:11,640 --> 12:04:19,080
The Israeli enemy sent me a bomb book
which exploded three years ago.

1236
12:04:20,400 --> 12:04:26,320
In an effort to close down this paper.

1237
12:04:26,400 --> 12:04:29,360
Or to shut our mouths.

1238
12:04:29,440 --> 12:04:33,560
This spring and summer Beirut
has been shaken by fierce battles

1239
12:04:33,640 --> 12:04:37,480
between militias from
the conservative Christian Phalangist party

1240
12:04:37,560 --> 12:04:40,640
and militias from radical
left-wing Muslim groups.

1241
12:04:42,640 --> 12:04:46,040
The Palestinians feel that
the fighting is directed at them,

1242
12:04:46,120 --> 12:04:48,760
an attempt to eliminate
the Palestine movement

1243
12:04:48,840 --> 12:04:52,640
and facilitate further
Arab-Israeli negotiations.

1244
12:04:54,320 --> 12:04:59,880
I’m told that you never sleep in
the same place two nights. Is it true?

1245
12:04:59,960 --> 12:05:07,160
Yes, because I have different activities.

1246
12:05:07,240 --> 12:05:15,040
I am the chief in command
of the Palestinian forces.

1247
12:05:15,120 --> 12:05:21,720
Which is a very, very difficult revolution.
You know, revolution is not a picnic.

1248
12:05:23,960 --> 12:05:30,000
Beirut in early September is marked by high
tension after the spring and summer battles.

1249
12:05:30,080 --> 12:05:34,560
The contrast between the pleasant life
on the shores of the Mediterranean sea

1250
12:05:34,640 --> 12:05:38,120
and the daily open conflicts can seem great.

1251
12:05:38,200 --> 12:05:41,560
The various private
armies in Lebanon are growing.

1252
12:05:41,640 --> 12:05:48,280
The Lebanese army is well outnumbered
by countless larger or smaller groups.

1253
12:05:48,360 --> 12:05:51,280
Palestinians in refugee camps

1254
12:05:51,360 --> 12:05:55,200
are pressured, not only
by various groups in Lebanon,

1255
12:05:55,280 --> 12:05:59,080
they’re also urged to demonstrate
against the Sinai agreement.

1256
12:05:59,160 --> 12:06:04,320
It serves the interests of
the US and Israel, not the Arabs.

1257
12:06:08,160 --> 12:06:13,720
During the protests,
heavily-armed commandos

1258
12:06:13,800 --> 12:06:17,280
are seen walking
side by side with school girls,

1259
12:06:17,360 --> 12:06:22,160
proof that Palestinians
from a very young age

1260
12:06:22,240 --> 12:06:25,600
are participating in
the struggle for freedom.

1261
12:06:35,680 --> 12:06:41,480
Have you noticed a major shift
in the American policy towards you?

1262
12:06:41,560 --> 12:06:47,040
Definitely, we are feeling
there is some very slight motion.

1263
12:06:47,120 --> 12:06:54,760
And especially the Israelis…
They have…

1264
12:06:57,160 --> 12:06:59,720
Later, later, call me later!

1265
12:06:59,800 --> 12:07:03,040
No, later, later!
Give me a call later!

1266
12:07:05,880 --> 12:07:12,080
You see, to save the Israelis…

1267
12:07:12,160 --> 12:07:18,800
Especially after their barbarian
raids against our refugee camps…

1268
12:07:18,880 --> 12:07:26,240
In these raids more than 250 have
been killed and wounded. In one raid.

1269
12:07:26,320 --> 12:07:31,920
Do you find that the attitude of
the Swedish government has been changing?

1270
12:07:32,000 --> 12:07:36,480
I know that you sent a message
of gratitude to the Prime Minister

1271
12:07:36,560 --> 12:07:40,200
after the voting in
the Security Council.

1272
12:07:40,280 --> 12:07:44,680
Yes. Definitely we are
feeling that there is…

1273
12:07:45,880 --> 12:07:50,680
A big change has been felt.

1274
12:07:52,720 --> 12:07:57,600
Not only with the government
but also with the people.

1275
12:07:57,680 --> 12:08:03,520
And we know how much you did

1276
12:08:03,600 --> 12:08:06,600
with the Vietnamese revolution.

1277
12:08:06,680 --> 12:08:11,280
And you supported them very strongly.
You, the Swedish people.

1278
12:08:11,360 --> 12:08:17,320
So I am sure that you will do
the same for the Palestinian.

1279
12:08:34,200 --> 12:08:37,400
Beirut is the capital city of Lebanon.

1280
12:08:37,480 --> 12:08:42,560
After one and a half year of war,
almost all of the houses are destroyed.

1281
12:08:42,640 --> 12:08:46,560
There are no schools anymore,
and many of the children have no home.

1282
12:08:46,640 --> 12:08:49,240
Many children have lost their parents

1283
12:08:49,320 --> 12:08:53,680
and have to try to find food
and a home by themselves.

1284
12:09:09,040 --> 12:09:14,600
Some of the children are trained as soldiers
and fight alongside the adults.

1285
12:09:21,880 --> 12:09:29,040
Most of the wealthy have fled Beirut.
But the poor have no choice but to stay.

1286
12:09:29,120 --> 12:09:33,320
Among them are the Palestinian refugees.

1287
12:09:33,400 --> 12:09:36,760
They have had to leave
the destroyed refugee camps

1288
12:09:36,840 --> 12:09:41,080
and are constantly moving,
seeking shelter.

1289
12:09:45,440 --> 12:09:47,760
In Beirut, water is in short supply.

1290
12:09:47,840 --> 12:09:52,880
And every time you go to the well
there is a risk of being shot.

1291
12:10:20,080 --> 12:10:24,600
This is the Israeli side of the border.
Only Israel has profited from the war.

1292
12:10:24,680 --> 12:10:29,280
Arabs fought against Arabs, and
the Palestinians had their hands full.

1293
12:10:30,720 --> 12:10:34,360
Israel supplies the Christians
in the south with weapons.

1294
12:10:34,440 --> 12:10:37,040
And Israel has opened
the border in a few places

1295
12:10:37,120 --> 12:10:43,480
to allow the Lebanese, the old enemies,
to shop and work in Israel.

1296
12:10:43,560 --> 12:10:48,160
It’s a policy that they are
happy to show to foreign tourists.

1297
12:10:53,520 --> 12:10:57,080
The thing is that until
the civil war in Lebanon

1298
12:10:57,160 --> 12:11:00,280
there was no border cross
at all for any Lebanese people

1299
12:11:00,360 --> 12:11:03,640
or for any Israelian
from Israel to Lebanon or vice versa.

1300
12:11:03,720 --> 12:11:08,120
Lebanon was an enemy country,
actually declared at war with Israel.

1301
12:11:08,200 --> 12:11:10,440
Oh, boy…

1302
12:11:10,520 --> 12:11:16,680
And we found ourself fighting here,
in the Middle East, for the same ideals

1303
12:11:16,760 --> 12:11:19,160
as the Christian people
in South Lebanon,

1304
12:11:19,240 --> 12:11:23,560
as they faced Palestinians
and the Muslims of South Lebanon,

1305
12:11:23,640 --> 12:11:26,520
which are many compared
to them, and much stronger,

1306
12:11:26,600 --> 12:11:29,160
and supported by the Arab countries.

1307
12:11:31,560 --> 12:11:35,720
Armed Lebanese people
roam freely on the Israeli side.

1308
12:11:35,800 --> 12:11:40,320
You see, they wanted to turn
to their own brothers for help,

1309
12:11:40,400 --> 12:11:45,240
but their brothers would shoot at them.
So they turned to the “enemy”.

1310
12:11:45,320 --> 12:11:50,040
And the enemy is receiving them well.
No horns, no tail.

1311
12:11:51,280 --> 12:11:54,360
An Israeli officer
explains to tourists.

1312
12:11:54,440 --> 12:12:00,560
This is a Lebanese nurse.

1313
12:12:00,640 --> 12:12:04,440
Meanwhile,
Lebanese girls pose with rifles.

1314
12:12:34,080 --> 12:12:37,480
The conservative party Likud
says in their election campaign

1315
12:12:37,560 --> 12:12:42,920
that they will not return one centimetre
of the land God promised the Jewish people.

1316
12:12:43,000 --> 12:12:45,560
Likud’s leader, Menachem Begin,

1317
12:12:45,640 --> 12:12:49,480
finds support in many places
he visits during the election campaign.

1318
12:12:49,560 --> 12:12:53,200
Begin is likely to become
the new prime minister of Israel.

1319
12:12:53,280 --> 12:12:58,200
What does Begin think about his chances
of achieving results in peace negotiations

1320
12:12:58,280 --> 12:13:02,600
and achieving a solution to
the issue of the occupied West Bank?

1321
12:13:02,680 --> 12:13:07,400
You call them occupied territories
in West Bank, I must make a correction.

1322
12:13:07,480 --> 12:13:10,400
They are not occupied but liberated.

1323
12:13:10,480 --> 12:13:15,120
And the so-called West Bank
means Judea and Samaria.

1324
12:13:15,200 --> 12:13:17,320
Why should we call them occupied?

1325
12:13:17,400 --> 12:13:21,840
You see, ten years ago,
almost exactly, in June 1967,

1326
12:13:21,920 --> 12:13:27,560
we are attacked, surrounded
threatened with extinction officially

1327
12:13:27,640 --> 12:13:30,400
by all Arab countries.

1328
12:13:30,480 --> 12:13:34,040
We used our right
for national self-defence,

1329
12:13:34,120 --> 12:13:38,200
and we liberated Judea
and Samaria, Jerusalem,

1330
12:13:38,280 --> 12:13:44,680
which is our inherent right to have it,
because it’s the land of our forefathers.

1331
12:13:44,760 --> 12:13:48,240
We didn’t take away
any country from anybody.

1332
12:13:59,160 --> 12:14:02,400
-We are going to continue our struggle.
-In what ways?

1333
12:14:02,480 --> 12:14:08,520
In different ways. Military and others.
I mean, this is a question of justice.

1334
12:14:08,600 --> 12:14:12,440
Raymonda Tawil lives in Ramallah,
north of Jerusalem.

1335
12:14:12,520 --> 12:14:15,360
She is a Palestinian activist, journalist.

1336
12:14:15,440 --> 12:14:19,440
Was under house arrest for
four months last year. No telephone.

1337
12:14:19,520 --> 12:14:24,560
Police guarded her house. No one was
allowed to visit her without strict vetting.

1338
12:14:24,640 --> 12:14:30,120
Her own words explain why
the Israelis consider her a security risk.

1339
12:14:30,200 --> 12:14:36,160
We know how much… The sympathy
of the Western world to the Jewish people.

1340
12:14:36,240 --> 12:14:41,680
We know how much. Because of
the Holocaust, what Hitler has done.

1341
12:14:41,760 --> 12:14:45,960
But what is our fault as Palestinians?

1342
12:14:46,040 --> 12:14:52,640
It is not our fault. We didn’t
commit these sins. What Hitler did.

1343
12:14:52,720 --> 12:14:55,600
And every day we’re paying the price.

1344
12:14:55,680 --> 12:15:00,640
This hatred, and annexation
and expellings and killing.

1345
12:15:00,720 --> 12:15:04,960
We are paying this price, why?
Innocent Palestinians?

1346
12:15:05,040 --> 12:15:11,120
The Israelis say that you are
killing innocent civilians in Israel

1347
12:15:11,200 --> 12:15:16,640
by planting bombs in buses
and committing terrorist acts and so on.

1348
12:15:16,720 --> 12:15:20,040
This is an answer.

1349
12:15:20,120 --> 12:15:25,680
This is the answer of taking your home
and expelling you and chasing you out.

1350
12:15:25,760 --> 12:15:29,800
There is no other alternative
except armed struggle.

1351
12:16:07,320 --> 12:16:11,160
Four wars have been fought
between Israelis and Arabs.

1352
12:16:11,240 --> 12:16:13,800
Four wars in 30 years.

1353
12:16:13,880 --> 12:16:19,280
Then, suddenly, the president of Egypt is
visiting the capital of Israel, Jerusalem.

1354
12:16:19,360 --> 12:16:22,600
Perhaps the most important
event in Israel’s history.

1355
12:16:22,680 --> 12:16:26,880
Perhaps even more important
than the wars.

1356
12:16:29,320 --> 12:16:33,120
The path to peace
may be a little bit difficult,

1357
12:16:33,200 --> 12:16:36,600
but not as difficult as the path to war.

1358
12:16:36,680 --> 12:16:40,440
We were and are prepared

1359
12:16:40,520 --> 12:16:45,160
for territorial compromises
on all our borders.

1360
12:16:45,240 --> 12:16:47,720
Only on one condition.

1361
12:16:47,800 --> 12:16:51,520
Borders that will give us security.

1362
12:16:51,600 --> 12:16:55,880
Of course,
we realise there are Palestinians.

1363
12:16:55,960 --> 12:16:58,560
We believe there is a solution.

1364
12:16:58,640 --> 12:17:03,360
A solution which is good
for them and safe for us.

1365
12:17:03,440 --> 12:17:06,920
Therefore,
there is no connection

1366
12:17:07,000 --> 12:17:12,200
between our unreadiness

1367
12:17:12,280 --> 12:17:18,800
for another state between us and Jordan,
a Palestinian state…

1368
12:17:18,880 --> 12:17:24,480
Small. Not viable, probably.
Maybe forced to expansion.

1369
12:17:24,560 --> 12:17:28,000
Mr President,
if we should agree to that

1370
12:17:28,080 --> 12:17:34,240
then there are ten miles between
the sea and the borders of that state.

1371
12:17:35,520 --> 12:17:41,120
You cannot expect us to feel sure
within our borders of that kind.

1372
12:17:41,200 --> 12:17:46,920
In our peace treaties with Jordan there
must be a solution for the Palestinians.

1373
12:17:47,000 --> 12:17:51,080
So these camps are wiped out
and will be a thing of the past.

1374
12:17:51,160 --> 12:17:56,360
But not at the expence
of the security of Israel.

1375
12:17:56,440 --> 12:17:59,040
The beginning that you have made

1376
12:17:59,120 --> 12:18:03,120
with such courage
and with such hope for peace,

1377
12:18:03,200 --> 12:18:08,960
must go on face to face
between us and between you.

1378
12:18:09,040 --> 12:18:15,040
So that even an old lady like I am,
will live to see the day of peace…

1379
12:18:15,120 --> 12:18:20,080
-I’ve always said that.
-You always call me an old lady.

1380
12:18:22,360 --> 12:18:24,880
She says she’s not that old.

1381
12:18:38,080 --> 12:18:43,240
Ladies and Gentlemen,
the president of the United States,

1382
12:18:43,320 --> 12:18:48,240
the president of Egypt,
and the prime minister of Israel.

1383
12:18:51,560 --> 12:18:54,200
When we first arrived at Camp David,

1384
12:18:54,280 --> 12:18:58,080
the first thing upon which we agreed
was to ask the people of the world

1385
12:18:58,160 --> 12:19:01,520
to pray that our negotiations
would be successful.

1386
12:19:01,600 --> 12:19:05,160
Those prayers have been answered.

1387
12:19:05,240 --> 12:19:09,680
Far beyond any expectations.

1388
12:19:11,800 --> 12:19:14,480
One of the agreements
that President Sadat

1389
12:19:14,560 --> 12:19:17,800
and Prime Minister Begin
are signing tonight is entitled:

1390
12:19:17,880 --> 12:19:22,200
A Framework for Peace in the Middle East.

1391
12:19:26,160 --> 12:19:31,160
It deals specifically with the future
of the West Bank and Gaza.

1392
12:19:31,240 --> 12:19:36,760
And the need to resolve
the Palestinian problem in all its aspects.

1393
12:19:36,840 --> 12:19:41,360
The framework proposes
a five year transitional period

1394
12:19:41,440 --> 12:19:43,680
in the West Bank and Gaza,

1395
12:19:43,760 --> 12:19:49,720
during which the Israeli military
government will be withdrawn

1396
12:19:49,800 --> 12:19:55,440
and a self-governing
authority will be elected

1397
12:19:55,520 --> 12:19:58,360
with full autonomy.

1398
12:19:58,440 --> 12:20:04,320
It also provides for Israeli forces
to remain in specified locations

1399
12:20:04,400 --> 12:20:08,520
during this period,
to protect Israel’s security.

1400
12:20:08,600 --> 12:20:12,160
These negotiations will be
based on all the provisions,

1401
12:20:12,240 --> 12:20:19,440
and all the principles of United Nations
Security Council Resolution 242.

1402
12:20:19,520 --> 12:20:26,040
And it provides that Israel may live in
peace within secure and recognised borders.

1403
12:20:33,880 --> 12:20:36,960
The other document is entitled:

1404
12:20:37,040 --> 12:20:42,200
Framework for
the Conclusion of a Peace Treaty

1405
12:20:42,280 --> 12:20:45,880
between Egypt and Israel.

1406
12:20:45,960 --> 12:20:52,760
It provides for the full exercise of
Egyptian sovereignty over the Sinai.

1407
12:20:52,840 --> 12:20:59,680
It calls for the full withdrawal
of Israeli forces from the Sinai.

1408
12:21:24,200 --> 12:21:26,920
President Carter’s
motorcade through Cairo,

1409
12:21:27,000 --> 12:21:31,200
his final mediation trip, combined
with hard pressure, finally paid off.

1410
12:21:31,280 --> 12:21:35,000
There will be a peace
agreement between Egypt and Israel.

1411
12:21:35,080 --> 12:21:41,840
The Americans pay the bill for this peace,
and it will be expensive: $3 – 4 billion.

1412
12:21:41,920 --> 12:21:47,640
Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat
called Camp David a grubby deal.

1413
12:21:47,720 --> 12:21:51,120
At two Arab summits,
he vowed to continue the fight

1414
12:21:51,200 --> 12:21:54,720
for a Palestinian homeland
and against Egypt.

1415
12:21:54,800 --> 12:21:59,960
Among the Palestinians in the West Bank
and Gaza, there was increasing unrest

1416
12:22:00,040 --> 12:22:05,200
and protests against the Israeli
occupation became more frequent and violent.

1417
12:22:05,280 --> 12:22:10,120
Condemnations of President Sadat
were harsh and consistent.

1418
12:22:11,280 --> 12:22:17,160
I consider Camp David, it’s like a funeral
parlour to bury the Palestinian case.

1419
12:22:17,240 --> 12:22:24,080
Because the outcome of Camp David
and all the accords that they have agreed on

1420
12:22:24,160 --> 12:22:29,240
they only end
in continuation of the occupation.

1421
12:22:29,320 --> 12:22:32,000
They are dealing with Palestinian problem

1422
12:22:32,080 --> 12:22:35,960
without dealing with the people
that are the owners of the problem.

1423
12:22:36,040 --> 12:22:40,240
There’s a lot of talk
about the peace treaty.

1424
12:22:40,320 --> 12:22:43,440
But what the Israelis actually do

1425
12:22:43,520 --> 12:22:47,880
doesn’t encourage us
and doesn’t give us much confidence

1426
12:22:47,960 --> 12:22:50,120
in the truth of what they’re saying.

1427
12:22:50,200 --> 12:22:56,520
Right now bulldozers are working
between Rafah and Khan Yunis.

1428
12:22:56,600 --> 12:23:01,600
Of course the Israelis keep quiet about it,
but they want to put a new settlement

1429
12:23:01,680 --> 12:23:07,760
instead of that that is
going to be removed in Sinai.

1430
12:23:39,880 --> 12:23:43,800
But if the smiles are to continue
on Sadat’s and Begin’s faces,

1431
12:23:43,880 --> 12:23:47,280
the peace process will have
to move into new negotiations.

1432
12:23:47,360 --> 12:23:51,960
It’s time to resolve the most difficult
issue: the fate of the Palestinians.

1433
12:23:53,400 --> 12:23:58,120
It is this knot that Egypt, Israel, and
the US are trying to untie via negotiations

1434
12:23:58,200 --> 12:24:00,480
that are to be concluded within a year

1435
12:24:00,560 --> 12:24:05,080
and result in elections for a
self-governing Palestinian Council.

1436
12:24:06,560 --> 12:24:08,280
It’s a limited autonomy,

1437
12:24:08,360 --> 12:24:13,160
where the Israeli military will still be in
charge of internal and external security.

1438
12:24:13,240 --> 12:24:19,120
Furthermore, this autonomy is not
supported by the Palestinians themselves.

1439
12:24:19,200 --> 12:24:23,520
Nobody agrees about the
autonomy plan that’s going on.

1440
12:24:23,600 --> 12:24:28,240
Especially now they’re saying the autonomy
plan is for people, not for land.

1441
12:24:28,320 --> 12:24:31,920
Is the autonomy plan
supposed to hang up in the air?

1442
12:24:32,000 --> 12:24:36,360
And the autonomy plan is trying
to make our own people rule on us.

1443
12:24:36,440 --> 12:24:40,520
While they tell them what to do.
It’s not our self-determination.

1444
12:24:40,600 --> 12:24:44,120
They’re just putting the…

1445
12:24:48,440 --> 12:24:52,400
The occupation by another word.
They’re just putting it another way.

1446
12:24:52,480 --> 12:24:55,280
But with our own people occupying us.

1447
12:25:01,120 --> 12:25:05,400
For the first time since the creation
of Israel, an Israeli flag is flying

1448
12:25:05,480 --> 12:25:09,280
over an Israeli embassy
in an Arab country.

1449
12:25:09,360 --> 12:25:14,320
The newly opened Israeli embassy
in Cairo is a visible result

1450
12:25:14,400 --> 12:25:16,600
of the Camp David agreement.

1451
12:25:19,400 --> 12:25:23,280
Palestinian schoolgirls living
next door to the embassy cried

1452
12:25:23,360 --> 12:25:27,000
and protested loudly
during the opening ceremony.

1453
12:25:48,600 --> 12:25:51,640
In 1948, the Jews
proclaimed the state of Israel.

1454
12:25:51,720 --> 12:25:54,480
The Arab states immediately attacked.

1455
12:25:54,560 --> 12:25:57,600
Arab refugees poured
out of the battle zone.

1456
12:25:57,680 --> 12:26:00,480
Some fled just to get
away from the fighting.

1457
12:26:00,560 --> 12:26:05,240
But some were also driven away
by the Jewish army and terrorist groups.

1458
12:26:05,320 --> 12:26:09,680
It was a terrorist group led by Israels
new prime minister Menachem Begin.

1459
12:26:09,760 --> 12:26:14,560
It was called Irgun Zvai Leumi and was
responsible for the Middle Eastern My Lai,

1460
12:26:14,640 --> 12:26:20,800
a massacre of 250 men, women and
children in the Arabic village Deir Yassin,

1461
12:26:20,880 --> 12:26:24,840
intended to intimidate
the Arabs to leave the area.

1462
12:26:24,920 --> 12:26:29,640
Mr. Begin, in many European countries,
you can find the opinion

1463
12:26:29,720 --> 12:26:33,440
that you are a former terrorist leader
become prime minister.

1464
12:26:33,520 --> 12:26:36,520
How would you describe the difference

1465
12:26:36,600 --> 12:26:41,640
between your fight for freedom and
liberation and today’s terrorist activities?

1466
12:26:41,720 --> 12:26:44,440
Such comparisons are a sacrilege.

1467
12:26:44,520 --> 12:26:48,680
My friends and I fought against
the foreign rule in our country,

1468
12:26:48,760 --> 12:26:52,520
in order to save the people
from the danger of utter destruction.

1469
12:26:52,600 --> 12:26:58,600
You remember when we waged our fight
for liberation during the Second World War.

1470
12:26:58,680 --> 12:27:02,280
Six million Jews were
exterminated in Western Europe,

1471
12:27:02,360 --> 12:27:05,960
and this country, which was promised
as a national home for the Jewish people,

1472
12:27:06,040 --> 12:27:10,400
was shut off to any Jew who
tried to escape from the inferno.

1473
12:27:10,480 --> 12:27:12,800
So we had to fight to save our people.

1474
12:27:12,880 --> 12:27:16,160
And you will know that the Irgun,
which I headed,

1475
12:27:16,240 --> 12:27:20,080
we did whatever we could
to warn away the civilians,

1476
12:27:20,160 --> 12:27:23,880
men, women and children,
from the zone of danger.

1477
12:27:23,960 --> 12:27:28,160
Whereas the methods,
the genocidal method of the so-called PLO,

1478
12:27:28,240 --> 12:27:33,680
is to turn the civilian population
into the targets of their attacks.

1479
12:27:33,760 --> 12:27:38,080
Who do you think today
speaks for the Palestinians?

1480
12:27:38,160 --> 12:27:41,680
Who are the Palestinians, my friend?
I’m a Palestinian.

1481
12:28:03,560 --> 12:28:07,800
More settlements require more
soldiers to protect the settlements,

1482
12:28:07,880 --> 12:28:13,280
more soldiers create increased resistance
and confrontation with the Arabs.

1483
12:28:13,360 --> 12:28:18,240
For the first time, what some
Israeli newspapers have called

1484
12:28:18,320 --> 12:28:22,480
the beginning of an uprising
in the West Bank has begun.

1485
12:28:22,560 --> 12:28:27,440
But every Palestinian act of
protest is met with an iron fist.

1486
12:28:27,520 --> 12:28:32,120
Businessmen on strike have
their shops opened by the police.

1487
12:28:35,800 --> 12:28:39,920
The most active mayors
have been deported abroad.

1488
12:28:40,000 --> 12:28:44,880
The few that remain have been placed under
house arrest, like the mayor of Ramallah,

1489
12:28:44,960 --> 12:28:47,640
forbidden to speak to the press.

1490
12:28:47,720 --> 12:28:52,280
Or the mayor of Bethlehem.
He too was excommunicated.

1491
12:28:59,360 --> 12:29:02,200
There is an ongoing protest march.

1492
12:29:03,200 --> 12:29:06,320
It is the left that is here.

1493
12:29:06,400 --> 12:29:10,720
Of course, there will be commotion
when a policeman loses his temper.

1494
12:29:10,800 --> 12:29:14,120
Tensions of course came
to a boil between the parties.

1495
12:29:14,200 --> 12:29:20,800
But still, it is remarkable how good-natured
both sides are during the provocation.

1496
12:29:22,720 --> 12:29:26,360
And here, of course, is the
constant presence of Uri Avenri.

1497
12:29:26,440 --> 12:29:30,960
For 13 years he’s advocated for a
Palestinian state in the West Bank and Gaza.

1498
12:29:31,040 --> 12:29:36,240
He has his own conspiracy theory
on why the Arab mayors are deported.

1499
12:29:36,320 --> 12:29:40,000
The government of Israel is practically

1500
12:29:40,080 --> 12:29:43,280
interested in radicalising
the Palestinian leadership

1501
12:29:43,360 --> 12:29:46,920
to justify that we can’t
talk with the Palestinians.

1502
12:29:47,000 --> 12:29:51,080
Your conspiracy theory is that this is
the aim of the Begin government?

1503
12:29:51,160 --> 12:29:54,040
-Oh, yes.
-Increase the violence on both sides?

1504
12:29:54,120 --> 12:29:58,800
I won’t say that they deliberately
want to increase the violence,

1505
12:29:58,880 --> 12:30:04,880
but they want to destroy any basis for
a solution allowing for a Palestinian state.

1506
12:30:04,960 --> 12:30:10,840
And because the continued occupation
or annexation of this territory for them is

1507
12:30:10,920 --> 12:30:14,120
the basis of the whole outlook…

1508
12:30:15,800 --> 12:30:22,800
they are interested in
an extremisation of the Palestinians.

1509
12:30:34,080 --> 12:30:38,160
One of the main men of
the Palestinian movement is buried.

1510
12:30:38,240 --> 12:30:40,560
He has been assassinated.

1511
12:30:40,640 --> 12:30:45,080
His coffin is brought into the Roman
Catholic Church here in Beirut.

1512
12:30:45,160 --> 12:30:49,200
A large part of
the Palestinians are Christians.

1513
12:30:49,280 --> 12:30:51,480
Suddenly, a big security push.

1514
12:30:51,560 --> 12:30:55,520
The streets are quickly
taken over by Palestinians.

1515
12:30:57,560 --> 12:31:02,560
And here he is, Yassir Arafat,
well guarded by his own.

1516
12:31:03,800 --> 12:31:08,480
He has no home, no country to rule.
But he has an army.

1517
12:31:11,120 --> 12:31:14,880
During the past six months,
the Palestinians have received

1518
12:31:14,960 --> 12:31:18,280
large shipments of weapons from Libya.

1519
12:31:18,360 --> 12:31:21,760
The children of Beirut
are raised during war.

1520
12:31:25,440 --> 12:31:32,360
This little boy is an orphan. The soldiers
are his playmates, the guns his toys,

1521
12:31:32,440 --> 12:31:38,360
and he joyfully looks forward
to the day when he will see combat.

1522
12:32:38,680 --> 12:32:43,000
As midnight approaches, the mood rises
and people start working in earnest.

1523
12:32:43,080 --> 12:32:49,320
The material the Arab West Bank newspaper
sent to Israeli censorship has returned.

1524
12:32:49,400 --> 12:32:52,480
It’s been censored.
Heavily censored.

1525
12:32:52,560 --> 12:32:58,080
They have to discard already set articles,
that the censor has forbidden.

1526
12:32:58,160 --> 12:33:01,840
The editorial team goes through
the thick binder of redactions

1527
12:33:01,920 --> 12:33:04,440
from tomorrow’s issue alone.

1528
12:33:04,520 --> 12:33:10,600
The redactions are scattered throughout.
Sometimes they make articles incoherent.

1529
12:33:10,680 --> 12:33:13,960
At times this local newspaper
for the occupied West Bank

1530
12:33:14,040 --> 12:33:16,840
can’t publish a single word
about the West Bank.

1531
12:33:16,920 --> 12:33:21,200
So you have a headline about
what’s happening in Italy,

1532
12:33:21,280 --> 12:33:27,520
an explosion in France.
Something about officials in Kuwait,

1533
12:33:27,600 --> 12:33:32,640
but nothing anywhere about
the West Bank and events there,

1534
12:33:32,720 --> 12:33:35,600
which have been in headlines
all over the world.

1535
12:33:35,680 --> 12:33:40,480
When the newspaper reaches its readership,
it is not apparent that it is censored.

1536
12:33:40,560 --> 12:33:43,320
It is forbidden to leave blank spaces.

1537
12:33:43,400 --> 12:33:48,560
There’s might be a brief apology
for this or that material being missing.

1538
12:33:48,640 --> 12:33:52,880
But it’s unlikely that the readership
knows how amputated the newspaper is.

1539
12:33:52,960 --> 12:33:58,000
They had, for tomorrow’s issue, a small
religious philosophical morning reflection.

1540
12:33:58,080 --> 12:34:03,200
It did not mention the West Bank,
Israel, the occupation, or anything else.

1541
12:34:03,280 --> 12:34:07,240
It was just generally saying
that things could be better.

1542
12:34:07,320 --> 12:34:09,680
In flowery language, too.

1543
12:34:09,760 --> 12:34:17,000
Let everyone know that behind
the long night the dawn will come.

1544
12:34:17,080 --> 12:34:23,240
And that after months of pregnancy,
a newborn babe will come.

1545
12:34:23,320 --> 12:34:28,320
-What happens if you print it?
-They may close down the paper.

1546
12:34:31,680 --> 12:34:35,960
Things already published in
the Hebrew press, Israeli radio and TV.

1547
12:34:36,040 --> 12:34:38,480
Begin speeches for example.

1548
12:34:38,560 --> 12:34:44,080
Now even that material has to go to
the censor, and we might not get it through.

1549
12:34:44,160 --> 12:34:47,120
-They censor Begin?
-They have been cutting out

1550
12:34:47,200 --> 12:34:52,440
things that Begin, Shamir,
and other Israeli officials have said.

1551
12:34:52,520 --> 12:34:57,840
So now, at midnight, they started
setting new articles to fill in the gaps.

1552
12:34:57,920 --> 12:35:02,360
You often prepare four newspapers
just to get one, they say.

1553
12:35:02,440 --> 12:35:06,160
But perhaps most remarkably,
all this is taking place at a time

1554
12:35:06,240 --> 12:35:10,240
when Israel is talking a lot about
autonomy for the Palestinians.

1555
12:35:10,320 --> 12:35:13,560
They should be able to govern
their own lives, says Israel.

1556
12:35:13,640 --> 12:35:19,040
But today they are not even allowed
to manage their own local information.

1557
12:35:51,560 --> 12:35:56,000
All of southern Lebanon is
now cut off by the Israeli troops.

1558
12:35:56,080 --> 12:36:00,400
They’re bombing the city of Nabatieh,
a key Palestinian stronghold.

1559
12:36:00,480 --> 12:36:04,600
Today, this city has been
captured by the advancing troops.

1560
12:36:04,680 --> 12:36:08,200
Israel keeps bringing
more troops into the area.

1561
12:36:08,280 --> 12:36:12,000
The entire coastline is
ablaze following the attacks.

1562
12:36:12,080 --> 12:36:18,320
A column of refugees heads towards
Beirut ahead of the Israeli troops,

1563
12:36:18,400 --> 12:36:21,240
where heavy bombing
is taking place today.

1564
12:36:21,320 --> 12:36:27,160
We are in the phase of the mopping
up operation, cleaning operation,

1565
12:36:27,240 --> 12:36:33,120
that will be continued
until we clean this area.

1566
12:36:33,200 --> 12:36:35,240
The Israelis now control

1567
12:36:35,320 --> 12:36:39,000
nearly the entire southern half
of the country, up to Beirut.

1568
12:36:39,080 --> 12:36:44,800
The Israeli forces have today repeatedly
bombarded the Palestinian refugee camps

1569
12:36:44,880 --> 12:36:49,640
and the Palestinian guerilla headquarters
in the southern parts of Beirut.

1570
12:36:49,720 --> 12:36:53,280
This was filmed by a French
television photographer in Beirut,

1571
12:36:53,360 --> 12:36:59,080
where the headquarters of the
Palestinian organization PLO was attacked.

1572
12:37:04,440 --> 12:37:08,440
People are fleeing,
but there is nowhere to go.

1573
12:37:09,720 --> 12:37:14,600
The images become shaky. These are
the French photographer’s last shots.

1574
12:37:14,680 --> 12:37:16,840
He was killed in this attack.

1575
12:37:26,080 --> 12:37:28,720
This is called a ceasefire.

1576
12:37:28,800 --> 12:37:33,280
Ceasefires in the Middle East are
usually like this, they don’t last.

1577
12:37:33,360 --> 12:37:37,880
We asked how many people were
injured and killed, and nobody knew.

1578
12:37:37,960 --> 12:37:43,400
Death was all around, it even smelled
of death. Who cares about numbers.

1579
12:37:43,480 --> 12:37:48,520
But you may see things like this. The X-ray
of a young man who was in his own garden

1580
12:37:48,600 --> 12:37:50,760
watching the fighting from afar.

1581
12:37:50,840 --> 12:37:53,560
-Will he survive?
-We hope so.

1582
12:37:53,640 --> 12:37:58,040
-We are doing saving life procedure.
-Was this a fighting man?

1583
12:37:58,120 --> 12:38:01,720
No, he was just standing
in the garden of his house.

1584
12:38:01,800 --> 12:38:04,640
He thought that
he was in a safe place.

1585
12:38:04,720 --> 12:38:09,280
I think this is from a far distance,
because otherwise…

1586
12:38:09,360 --> 12:38:12,240
And in the middle of all this,
the fighting goes on.

1587
12:38:12,320 --> 12:38:16,160
Machine guns crackle in the distance.
Suddenly you take a prisoner.

1588
12:38:16,240 --> 12:38:19,800
He had been hiding
for “no apparent reason”,

1589
12:38:19,880 --> 12:38:24,480
although there was a firefight
going on 500 meters away.

1590
12:38:24,560 --> 12:38:27,320
But you’re not allowed
to film the prisoners.

1591
12:38:28,680 --> 12:38:33,200
And what of the Palestinians? Those who
have not fled, or been captured or killed.

1592
12:38:33,280 --> 12:38:35,280
We found them here.

1593
12:38:35,360 --> 12:38:41,120
They’ve been kept in refugee camps
for decades by Arab and Israeli policies.

1594
12:38:41,200 --> 12:38:43,480
Now they’ve lost
even the refugee camp.

1595
12:38:43,560 --> 12:38:49,520
They sit, eat, and sleep
under the trees in an orchard.

1596
12:39:02,080 --> 12:39:06,520
I find it very painful.

1597
12:39:06,600 --> 12:39:12,840
I think all men

1598
12:39:12,920 --> 12:39:20,120
that are concerned with humane
considerations must be worried about…

1599
12:39:22,080 --> 12:39:27,280
Must be worried when
civilians become so heavily

1600
12:39:27,360 --> 12:39:31,440
afflicted by a war.

1601
12:39:31,520 --> 12:39:35,280
And I think it has done
damage to Israel, yes.

1602
12:39:40,840 --> 12:39:46,280
You’re making it impossible for me to go
back to New York with questions like this.

1603
12:40:06,640 --> 12:40:11,520
It is 21 August. The first contingent
of Palestinians is to leave Beirut.

1604
12:40:11,600 --> 12:40:16,520
We have entered a high-rise building,
just behind the harbour area,

1605
12:40:16,600 --> 12:40:20,760
where the Israeli soldiers are
looking out over the harbour

1606
12:40:20,840 --> 12:40:24,960
from which the Palestinian
soldiers will be evacuated.

1607
12:40:25,040 --> 12:40:29,120
We are doing our best not to show ourselves

1608
12:40:29,200 --> 12:40:33,800
and to keep a low profile.

1609
12:40:33,880 --> 12:40:39,200
It is now 11:30 and the first
soldiers are being evacuated.

1610
12:40:39,280 --> 12:40:42,200
They bring their own personal weapons.

1611
12:40:42,280 --> 12:40:46,960
They step out of their
jeeps onto the Cyprus Line boats,

1612
12:40:47,040 --> 12:40:49,880
which will take them
to Larnaca in Cyprus.

1613
12:40:49,960 --> 12:40:55,200
It is still difficult to say who is really
the victor in this battle of Beirut,

1614
12:40:55,280 --> 12:40:59,400
one of the most significant military
operations of the post-war period.

1615
12:41:04,240 --> 12:41:09,880
The Palestinians are now worried
about what is going to happen.

1616
12:41:09,960 --> 12:41:15,320
All the armed men are going,
but women, children and the elderly remain.

1617
12:41:15,400 --> 12:41:18,560
They fear that when
they are left defenseless,

1618
12:41:18,640 --> 12:41:23,080
will come the night of the long knives.

1619
12:41:49,840 --> 12:41:54,240
Goldman has chaired
the World Jewish Congress,

1620
12:41:54,320 --> 12:41:57,440
as well as the World Zionist Organisation.

1621
12:41:57,520 --> 12:42:01,000
They’ve said that without Goldman
there would be no Israel.

1622
12:42:01,080 --> 12:42:04,320
After the War,
when 80% of European Jews

1623
12:42:04,400 --> 12:42:09,200
had been killed in Nazi
extermination camps, for being Jews,

1624
12:42:09,280 --> 12:42:13,160
Goldman, along with
Ben-Gurion, and Chaim Weizmann,

1625
12:42:13,240 --> 12:42:16,560
became leaders
of the Zionist movement.

1626
12:42:16,640 --> 12:42:19,920
Their goal was a Jewish national home.

1627
12:42:20,000 --> 12:42:23,640
Israel was in my opinion

1628
12:42:23,720 --> 12:42:27,040
never supposed to be just
a state like other states

1629
12:42:27,120 --> 12:42:32,360
like Sweden,
like Norway, like Lebanon.

1630
12:42:32,440 --> 12:42:35,680
You know, there were always
two tendencies in Zionism.

1631
12:42:35,760 --> 12:42:40,120
There was Theodor Herzl,
a very assimilated Jew.

1632
12:42:40,200 --> 12:42:44,760
He thought for instance that the language
in Israel should be German.

1633
12:42:44,840 --> 12:42:49,720
So Herzl took over the idea
of a modern democratic state,

1634
12:42:49,800 --> 12:42:53,680
and he made this seem very simple.

1635
12:42:53,760 --> 12:42:59,760
On the other hand there’s the great
Zionoist ideologist Ahad Ha’am.

1636
12:42:59,840 --> 12:43:05,040
His name was Asher Ginsburg.
From Odessa. He was a great thinker.

1637
12:43:05,120 --> 12:43:08,520
He said,
“a state is of no importance to us”.

1638
12:43:08,600 --> 12:43:12,640
What’s important is to have
a spiritual centre in Israel.

1639
12:43:12,720 --> 12:43:15,080
Maybe it has the form of a state,

1640
12:43:15,160 --> 12:43:18,160
because in the 20th century
all peoples have a state.

1641
12:43:18,240 --> 12:43:22,320
But the main thing
was a moral spiritual centre,

1642
12:43:22,400 --> 12:43:25,960
a place forged of Jewish religion.

1643
12:43:26,040 --> 12:43:31,200
Between these two tendencies
there was never a synthesis in Zionism.

1644
12:43:31,280 --> 12:43:35,080
And what Israel is today,
is primarily the Herzl Zionism,

1645
12:43:35,160 --> 12:43:40,600
a Jewish state, an army, fighting wars.
It was never intended to be that.

1646
12:43:40,680 --> 12:43:45,320
What Nahum Goldman today
considers one of his great successes

1647
12:43:45,400 --> 12:43:50,000
is the day when he managed
to persuade US president Harry Truman

1648
12:43:50,080 --> 12:43:54,680
of the importance of
a Jewish state being built in Palestine.

1649
12:43:54,760 --> 12:43:59,480
The main sin of Zionism,
and I include a bit myself also.

1650
12:43:59,560 --> 12:44:04,760
I saw the importance of the Arab problem
better than others, but didn’t fight for it.

1651
12:44:04,840 --> 12:44:09,160
I didn’t have much influence either,
I was too young.

1652
12:44:09,240 --> 12:44:13,280
And the second great
disaster of Zionism was

1653
12:44:13,360 --> 12:44:19,080
that the creation of the state
started with a war with the Arabs.

1654
12:44:19,160 --> 12:44:23,880
Goldman has from his independent
position often acted as a middleman

1655
12:44:23,960 --> 12:44:29,400
between the official Israel and groups and
countries Israel has not had contact with.

1656
12:44:29,480 --> 12:44:35,920
To survive Israel has to be
accepted by the Arab world.

1657
12:44:36,000 --> 12:44:41,560
If the Arab world forever refuses
to accept it, Israel cannot survive.

1658
12:44:42,600 --> 12:44:45,400
And this Jews must understand.

1659
12:44:45,480 --> 12:44:49,680
Begin, who with his
policy out of good belief…

1660
12:44:49,760 --> 12:44:54,440
He believes he has a mission to expand
the great Israel in historical boundaries.

1661
12:44:54,520 --> 12:44:58,600
Nonsense.
In many periods of its history

1662
12:44:58,680 --> 12:45:02,320
the old Jewish state had
different boundaries.

1663
12:45:02,400 --> 12:45:07,720
With Begin I don’t see any possibility
of an agreement with the Arab world.

1664
12:45:07,800 --> 12:45:12,320
And Camp David and
his half-part peace with Egypt is very good,

1665
12:45:12,400 --> 12:45:15,800
but it won’t solve the problem.

1666
12:45:15,880 --> 12:45:19,840
The Palestinians may either choose
a confederation with Jordan

1667
12:45:19,920 --> 12:45:23,120
or having an independent state,
but they must decide.

1668
12:45:23,200 --> 12:45:28,880
It shouldn’t be decided by Begin,
Reagan, or by the Egyptians.

1669
12:45:44,440 --> 12:45:48,520
There can be no question
about how these people met their deaths.

1670
12:45:48,600 --> 12:45:51,560
The bullet pockmarks
on the wall shows quite clearly

1671
12:45:51,640 --> 12:45:55,600
that they were lined up
and shot down with a burst of fire.

1672
12:45:55,680 --> 12:45:59,160
And when you examine the bodies
it’s quite clear also

1673
12:45:59,240 --> 12:46:03,200
that some of them are
just those of young boys.

1674
12:46:24,920 --> 12:46:27,760
Israeli journalists are stating today

1675
12:46:27,840 --> 12:46:31,600
that the Israeli government knew
that a massacre was taking place

1676
12:46:31,680 --> 12:46:36,480
in the Palestinian refugee camps
in Beirut but did nothing to stop it.

1677
12:46:36,560 --> 12:46:41,480
In addition, the Israeli intelligence
service warned of just such a massacre

1678
12:46:41,560 --> 12:46:45,320
if Christian militia troops
were allowed into the camps.

1679
12:46:45,400 --> 12:46:50,200
Prime Minister Begin today dismissed
these reports as mere lies.

1680
12:46:50,280 --> 12:46:54,160
It is clear now that the killings
started as early as Thursday.

1681
12:46:54,240 --> 12:46:58,320
The militias that shot and knifed
hundreds of men, women and children

1682
12:46:58,400 --> 12:47:01,520
stayed in the camps
until Saturday morning.

1683
12:47:01,600 --> 12:47:05,400
And all this, nearly two days
of outright human slaughter,

1684
12:47:05,480 --> 12:47:10,960
while Israeli tanks surrounded the camp,
cannons directed towards it.

1685
12:47:11,040 --> 12:47:14,240
The American journalist James Pringle

1686
12:47:14,320 --> 12:47:19,240
reports on how Israeli soldiers kept
the Palestinians trapped in the camps.

1687
12:47:19,320 --> 12:47:23,040
Pringle tried to enter the camp
while the killing was going on,

1688
12:47:23,120 --> 12:47:27,720
but was stopped by Israeli soldiers
and Major Haddad’s Christian militia.

1689
12:47:27,800 --> 12:47:33,040
When he asked Haddad’s men what was going
on, he was told, “we are slaughtering them.”

1690
12:47:33,120 --> 12:47:36,240
The relationship with
the United States is at a low.

1691
12:47:36,320 --> 12:47:39,200
President Reagan demands
the Israelis leave Beirut,

1692
12:47:39,280 --> 12:47:42,600
and Republicans are critical
of the Begin administration.

1693
12:47:42,680 --> 12:47:47,880
They were in the vicinity of the camps,
and did not prevent it.

1694
12:47:47,960 --> 12:47:51,160
Israeli opposition leader Shimon Peres

1695
12:47:51,240 --> 12:47:56,080
wants an investigation into what
happened in Beirut’s refugee camp.

1696
12:47:57,600 --> 12:48:01,120
It became perhaps the largest
protest in Israel’s history.

1697
12:48:01,200 --> 12:48:05,840
Around 10% of the country’s
population was gathered.

1698
12:48:05,920 --> 12:48:08,960
Many here have experienced
pogroms and the Holocaust

1699
12:48:09,040 --> 12:48:12,600
and then cultivated the memory
of the persecution of Jews.

1700
12:48:12,680 --> 12:48:16,120
But this time,
Jews were directly or indirectly responsible

1701
12:48:16,200 --> 12:48:18,320
for the massacre of Palestinians.

1702
12:48:18,400 --> 12:48:23,040
I saw a picture
in the newspaper of a horse,

1703
12:48:23,120 --> 12:48:28,960
a dead horse, lying on…

1704
12:48:30,760 --> 12:48:33,960
people, dead people.

1705
12:48:35,480 --> 12:48:37,520
It’s unbelievable.
It can’t be.

1706
12:48:37,600 --> 12:48:41,560
And Sharon knew it by phone,
and they didn’t do anything.

1707
12:48:41,640 --> 12:48:44,760
They just helped them with big lighting.

1708
12:48:44,840 --> 12:48:47,840
What should happen to Begin and Sharon?

1709
12:48:47,920 --> 12:48:53,560
They are directly responsible. They are
as responsible as the people who did it.

1710
12:48:53,640 --> 12:48:56,800
-You have to fight for a new government?
-Oh yeah.

1711
12:48:56,880 --> 12:48:59,000
What do you think of Sharon?

1712
12:48:59,080 --> 12:49:02,120
-Fucking big…
-Don’t say it.

1713
12:49:02,200 --> 12:49:08,400
Today Israel, for the world, is guilty.
And I agree with the world.

1714
12:49:08,480 --> 12:49:14,360
It’s not that the world is against Israel
or that it is more anti-semitic.

1715
12:49:14,440 --> 12:49:20,040
But Israel gives the chances
to the people to become against them.

1716
12:49:20,120 --> 12:49:22,400
And I understand them.

1717
12:49:22,480 --> 12:49:28,520
And it’s very, very sad because I come
from another country with a lot of hopes,

1718
12:49:28,600 --> 12:49:33,840
and I realise that here today
exists a fascist government.

1719
12:49:33,920 --> 12:49:36,560
How do you see this gathering tonight?

1720
12:49:36,640 --> 12:49:40,080
It’s a very important expression of opinion,

1721
12:49:40,160 --> 12:49:43,680
it’s probably the most
numerous gathering in our history.

1722
12:49:43,760 --> 12:49:46,760
It goes much beyond party members.

1723
12:49:46,840 --> 12:49:50,920
It shows that there is a very broad
public opinion that is not satisfied

1724
12:49:51,000 --> 12:49:55,160
with the course of events
of the last two weeks.

1725
12:51:00,960 --> 12:51:06,560
From somewhere in the Mediterranean.
The voice of peace is your voice.

1726
12:51:06,640 --> 12:51:09,200
24 hours a day.

1727
12:51:23,000 --> 12:51:26,640
It is ironic that this is one region where

1728
12:51:26,720 --> 12:51:31,280
all the prophets who spoke of peace
walked along the shores,

1729
12:51:31,360 --> 12:51:36,360
whether it was Christ,
Muhammad, or the Jewish prophets.

1730
12:51:38,000 --> 12:51:41,000
We all felt that this should have been

1731
12:51:41,080 --> 12:51:45,760
the region where people would live
with love and peace and understanding.

1732
12:51:45,840 --> 12:51:49,360
And yet there is no region
anywhere in the world

1733
12:51:49,440 --> 12:51:56,160
where hate and frustration and fear
reigns so much among all peoples.

1734
12:51:56,240 --> 12:52:01,320
And right now, as the sun sets, the voice
of peace will shut down its transmissions

1735
12:52:01,400 --> 12:52:07,120
for a period of 30 seconds,
in memory of all the victims of violence.

1736
12:52:07,200 --> 12:52:13,000
We hope that you will all join us
in a moment of prayer.

1737
12:53:19,400 --> 12:53:24,480
In 1948, when the war started,
we were encircled by the Israelis.

1738
12:53:24,560 --> 12:53:28,960
We left Dimra and went to Gaza.

1739
12:53:30,800 --> 12:53:35,840
Some made it to Gaza Remel.

1740
12:53:35,920 --> 12:53:39,640
We were a very large family,
and we were very tired.

1741
12:53:39,720 --> 12:53:44,440
So we couldn’t get beyond Jabalia.
We couldn’t walk any further.

1742
12:53:44,520 --> 12:53:49,280
My mother and father were very tired.

1743
12:53:51,720 --> 12:53:57,160
I had six sisters,
and we were four brothers.

1744
12:53:57,240 --> 12:53:59,960
All living on top of each other.

1745
12:54:09,080 --> 12:54:14,880
Every morning we get up and leave
at about 3 or 3.30 am.

1746
12:54:14,960 --> 12:54:18,360
We hurry to work from Gaza…

1747
12:54:18,440 --> 12:54:25,520
We get on buses going
to Tel Aviv or Jaffa. We work.

1748
12:54:29,200 --> 12:54:31,360
That’s Dimra.

1749
12:54:33,400 --> 12:54:41,200
We lived here, our fathers
and our ancestors, on the same land.

1750
12:54:41,280 --> 12:54:47,560
We tilled the land,
growing orange trees,

1751
12:54:47,640 --> 12:54:53,200
wheat and barley, and had cattle.

1752
12:54:53,280 --> 12:54:56,360
We were very happy.

1753
12:55:00,400 --> 12:55:02,720
About 25…

1754
12:55:02,800 --> 12:55:10,400
With time you get to know them.
Without doubt you love them.

1755
12:55:12,840 --> 12:55:20,160
Here on the farm Jews
and Arabs worked together.

1756
12:55:20,240 --> 12:55:26,440
I think that can be a wonderful
example of peaceful co-existence.

1757
12:55:26,520 --> 12:55:34,360
I see you have a cactus around here.
Was there an Arab village here before 1948?

1758
12:55:34,440 --> 12:55:36,560
There was an Arab village here.

1759
12:55:36,640 --> 12:55:41,280
Mostly in this area…
It was inhabited mostly by Arabs.

1760
12:55:41,360 --> 12:55:47,440
All of us at Dimra and Dar Sneid,
Houj, all of us were neighbours.

1761
12:55:49,120 --> 12:55:56,080
That was Isdood.
3000 people lived here until 1948.

1762
12:55:56,160 --> 12:56:03,960
They worked in agriculture.
Isdood had a school and a mosque.

1763
12:56:04,040 --> 12:56:10,520
Israel destroyed the villages
to wipe out all trace of us Palestinians.

1764
12:56:13,200 --> 12:56:19,680
That’s our home, we live here.
We are farmers, and I’m a son of farmers.

1765
12:56:19,760 --> 12:56:22,640
Maybe more than anything I’m a farmer.

1766
12:56:22,720 --> 12:56:27,280
Over there is Nijed.

1767
12:56:27,360 --> 12:56:31,120
And here, this is Dimra.
This is Muhammed Ajoub’s orchard.

1768
12:56:31,200 --> 12:56:35,320
Look at his cactus, it’s still there.

1769
12:56:35,400 --> 12:56:37,680
Come on.

1770
12:56:42,000 --> 12:56:44,400
Dad!

1771
12:56:44,480 --> 12:56:48,960
Can you see it, children?
Grandfather’s village.

1772
12:56:49,040 --> 12:56:53,640
When we were as young as you are,
we became refugees.

1773
12:56:53,720 --> 12:56:59,080
Now we’re old men and
we want to see our old village.

1774
12:57:05,000 --> 12:57:09,560
-This is private land. Where are you from?
-From Gaza.

1775
12:57:09,640 --> 12:57:12,480
We’ve been here before.

1776
12:57:12,560 --> 12:57:14,560
-Wait, where have you been?
-Here.

1777
12:57:14,640 --> 12:57:16,640
-One thing…
-Yes?

1778
12:57:16,720 --> 12:57:18,840
This is our home.

1779
12:57:18,920 --> 12:57:24,720
Anyone wishing to come here,
has to get our permission.

1780
12:57:24,800 --> 12:57:28,400
Now please go to your car and leave.

1781
12:57:28,480 --> 12:57:34,000
We work in Tel Aviv and Jaffa
which are not off limits, yet this is.

1782
12:57:34,080 --> 12:57:36,360
Yes, this is off limits.

1783
12:57:36,440 --> 12:57:39,920
-Who are you? The government?
-It’s my home. Enough is enough.

1784
12:57:40,000 --> 12:57:42,160
Is it off limits?

1785
12:57:42,240 --> 12:57:45,280
-They are guests.
-Is it forbidden to have guests?

1786
12:57:45,360 --> 12:57:48,120
If a guest comes to you,
is it forbidden?

1787
12:58:13,720 --> 12:58:16,960
Rabbi Kahane holds
an election rally in Jerusalem.

1788
12:58:17,040 --> 12:58:22,360
The established parties wanted Kach banned,
but were dismissed by the Supreme Court.

1789
12:58:22,440 --> 12:58:25,440
Kach will likely be
taking its place in the Knesset

1790
12:58:25,520 --> 12:58:28,200
with a clearly racist program.

1791
12:58:28,280 --> 12:58:31,520
I want to move the Arabs
out of this country.

1792
12:58:31,600 --> 12:58:34,240
They are a cancer in our midst.

1793
12:58:34,320 --> 12:58:38,080
They hate us.
They want a Palestine instead of an Israel.

1794
12:58:38,160 --> 12:58:42,040
I want them out and in their own countries,
and we live in our country.

1795
12:58:42,120 --> 12:58:45,000
-By what means?
-By any means necessary.

1796
12:58:45,080 --> 12:58:49,600
They have no right to be here.

1797
12:58:49,680 --> 12:58:53,600
They have to get out.

1798
12:58:53,680 --> 12:58:58,600
They must be expelled.

1799
12:58:59,760 --> 12:59:03,680
Kahane has its main support among
Jews from the Arab countries.

1800
12:59:03,760 --> 12:59:07,960
A few years ago, they were seen as
a tragic group in the political desert.

1801
12:59:08,040 --> 12:59:11,200
Now they’re a political
force shaking Israel.

1802
12:59:11,280 --> 12:59:15,000
The followers are young,
often poorly educated.

1803
12:59:15,080 --> 12:59:18,640
No Schopenhauer or Hegel,
yes, you’re right.

1804
12:59:18,720 --> 12:59:20,720
But they know Arabs.

1805
12:59:20,800 --> 12:59:25,360
They’re streets educated.
They were educated in the streets.

1806
12:59:25,440 --> 12:59:28,480
And that I put to you,
that the average taxi driver

1807
12:59:28,560 --> 12:59:31,600
has more common sense
than the average Knesset member.

1808
12:59:31,680 --> 12:59:34,000
They’re the future and they are mine.

1809
12:59:34,080 --> 12:59:37,720
If we give democracy to the Arabs,
they have an absolute right

1810
12:59:37,800 --> 12:59:41,240
in a democratic state
to have enough babies to be the majority.

1811
12:59:41,320 --> 12:59:46,440
And then they can turn this into Palestine,
not through war, but through babies.

1812
12:59:46,520 --> 12:59:48,560
I’ve tried to say this for 15 years.

1813
12:59:48,640 --> 12:59:52,920
There is a contradiction between Zionism
and Western democracy.

1814
12:59:54,920 --> 13:00:00,080
Opinion polls conducted here
have shocked democrats in Israel.

1815
13:00:00,160 --> 13:00:04,880
Trust in quick, simple solutions
by strongmen is great in schools.

1816
13:00:04,960 --> 13:00:07,640
Confidence in democracy is low.

1817
13:00:07,720 --> 13:00:13,240
A big part of it is that this
generation grew up after the ‘67 war,

1818
13:00:13,320 --> 13:00:18,240
in a state that was used to rule over

1819
13:00:18,320 --> 13:00:21,960
a big amount of Arabic people.

1820
13:00:22,040 --> 13:00:27,360
They’re used to double standards,
democracy for Jews not for Arabs.

1821
13:00:27,440 --> 13:00:32,200
They grew up in an atmosphere
of prosperity and power,

1822
13:00:32,280 --> 13:00:37,280
and they don’t really live, like my
generation or my parents’ generation,

1823
13:00:37,360 --> 13:00:44,480
live with more humility or with ideals.
We came here with lots of ideals.

1824
13:01:01,080 --> 13:01:04,720
After almost 10 hours
on board the Israeli sailboat,

1825
13:01:04,800 --> 13:01:09,120
the hijackers suddenly gave up
without any of their demands being met.

1826
13:01:09,200 --> 13:01:12,680
On deck, they left a dead woman.

1827
13:01:12,760 --> 13:01:19,320
What nobody knew was that two Israeli
men were left inside the boat, shot dead.

1828
13:01:22,160 --> 13:01:26,640
The bombs of the six Israeli planes
destroyed PLO’s headquarters in Tunis.

1829
13:01:26,720 --> 13:01:30,480
At least 50 people were killed,
several of them Tunisian civilians.

1830
13:01:30,560 --> 13:01:34,000
PLO leader Yassir Arafat was nearby

1831
13:01:34,080 --> 13:01:38,280
but escaped harm. Here he’s walking
through the ruins of his headquarters.

1832
13:01:38,360 --> 13:01:42,280
The attack was revenge for
last week’s terrorist attack in Cyprus,

1833
13:01:42,360 --> 13:01:46,360
where three Israelis were killed
by Palestinians, purportedly of PLO.

1834
13:01:46,440 --> 13:01:51,320
And our air force, after a very
long flight of 2400 kilometres,

1835
13:01:51,400 --> 13:01:58,160
pinpoint the headquarters of the PLO,
which is engaged in acts of terror.

1836
13:02:02,160 --> 13:02:07,160
The Italian luxury cruiser Achille Lauro
has just docked in Port Said.

1837
13:02:07,240 --> 13:02:10,240
An American was killed
and thrown overboard

1838
13:02:10,320 --> 13:02:13,280
before the hijackers
surrendered this afternoon.

1839
13:02:13,360 --> 13:02:16,080
They didn’t seem to get along too well.

1840
13:02:16,160 --> 13:02:20,000
One would isolate us,
another one would bring us back.

1841
13:02:20,080 --> 13:02:23,760
And they’d keep coming in
with little propaganda,

1842
13:02:23,840 --> 13:02:29,920
like, “You know, Reagan – no good.
Arafat – good.”

1843
13:02:31,520 --> 13:02:35,680
Did you know anything in advance
of the hijacking of Achille Lauro?

1844
13:02:35,760 --> 13:02:40,120
Definitely not.
Why do you have to ask me this question?

1845
13:02:41,480 --> 13:02:44,480
-But…
-They don’t belong to the PLO.

1846
13:02:44,560 --> 13:02:47,680
We have condemned it.
We are against it.

1847
13:02:49,600 --> 13:02:54,560
At a quarter past nine this morning,
they attacked at the airport outside Rome.

1848
13:02:54,640 --> 13:02:59,200
The target was the Israeli airline
El Al’s check-in counter.

1849
13:02:59,280 --> 13:03:05,840
The assassins first threw hand grenades
and then started shooting wildly.

1850
13:03:05,920 --> 13:03:09,240
-What do I remember seeing?
-Yes.

1851
13:03:09,320 --> 13:03:13,000
Myself in a pool of blood.
That’s all I remember.

1852
13:03:14,520 --> 13:03:20,800
Meanwhile, three men attacked in the same
way at the international airport in Vienna.

1853
13:03:32,920 --> 13:03:37,000
Yitzhak Shamir, on his way to
the Prime Minister’s office in Jerusalem

1854
13:03:37,080 --> 13:03:41,360
to discuss the process of him
taking over as Prime Minister.

1855
13:03:41,440 --> 13:03:45,880
While this was going on, two hand
grenades were thrown at a group of soldiers

1856
13:03:45,960 --> 13:03:49,800
in the parking lot by the Wailing Wall.
It happened last night.

1857
13:03:49,880 --> 13:03:52,680
One dead,
around 70 people were injured.

1858
13:04:03,920 --> 13:04:09,480
I have no doubt that those who threw
the grenades near the Wailing Wall yesterday

1859
13:04:09,560 --> 13:04:12,560
played right into the hands
of the Israeli extremists,

1860
13:04:12,640 --> 13:04:17,880
as Israeli extremists are playing right into
the hands of the Palestinian extremists.

1861
13:04:17,960 --> 13:04:23,000
I think this only strengthens
the conclusion that there is no

1862
13:04:23,080 --> 13:04:29,240
solution to the Middle East
conflict through military power.

1863
13:04:29,320 --> 13:04:33,360
So smashing back, taking revenge
does not solve the problem?

1864
13:04:33,440 --> 13:04:38,280
No. I do not suggest
that the Israelis should act

1865
13:04:38,360 --> 13:04:42,640
“Christian” in terms
of turning the other cheek.

1866
13:04:42,720 --> 13:04:47,120
But I do suggest that there is no way
of smashing the Palestinian problem,

1867
13:04:47,200 --> 13:04:50,120
it has to be resolved.
Just as there is no way

1868
13:04:50,200 --> 13:04:54,680
for the Palestinians to smash Israel
altogether. They have to live with it.

1869
13:05:16,400 --> 13:05:20,840
In reality,
peace and quiet is what’s most typical.

1870
13:05:20,920 --> 13:05:23,560
20 years after the Six-Day War,

1871
13:05:23,640 --> 13:05:27,280
the occupation has become
commonplace in the West Bank.

1872
13:05:27,360 --> 13:05:30,680
Normally, less than a thousand
Israeli soldiers are needed

1873
13:05:30,760 --> 13:05:35,440
to control one and a half million
Palestinians under occupation.

1874
13:05:36,760 --> 13:05:39,800
At regular intervals, unrest flares up,

1875
13:05:39,880 --> 13:05:43,000
usually protests and stone throwing.

1876
13:05:50,240 --> 13:05:54,360
In these 20 years, tens of thousands
of Palestinians have been imprisoned.

1877
13:05:54,440 --> 13:05:56,680
Throwing stones
can get you 10–15 years.

1878
13:05:56,760 --> 13:06:00,360
Just being a member of the PLO
means a couple of years in prison.

1879
13:06:00,440 --> 13:06:04,560
Israel is still paying a very low cost
to keep the territories occupied.

1880
13:06:04,640 --> 13:06:07,800
The Palestinians are
divided and rather unmotivated,

1881
13:06:07,880 --> 13:06:10,880
and they lack a leader
in the West Bank.

1882
13:06:12,040 --> 13:06:15,200
The Gaza Strip is called
the Forgotten Territory.

1883
13:06:15,280 --> 13:06:18,160
But the problems of
the West Bank exist here as well.

1884
13:06:18,240 --> 13:06:20,320
Most often they are more serious.

1885
13:06:20,400 --> 13:06:24,600
Gaza is poorer,
more backward and more religious.

1886
13:06:24,680 --> 13:06:27,560
Here they burn down
restaurants that serve beer.

1887
13:06:27,640 --> 13:06:31,400
At university,
students learn that Darwin was wrong.

1888
13:06:31,480 --> 13:06:37,080
And the opposition to the Israelis has
recently taken a completely new direction.

1889
13:06:37,160 --> 13:06:45,120
People have no other choice than to
choose the path of Jihad and struggle.

1890
13:06:45,200 --> 13:06:50,760
Because all other doors
are constantly shut.

1891
13:06:50,840 --> 13:06:56,960
With blood and sword
for the Liberation of Palestine!

1892
13:07:18,440 --> 13:07:21,040
It began in Gaza on 8 December

1893
13:07:21,120 --> 13:07:24,480
with a spontaneous uprising
without apparent leaders.

1894
13:07:24,560 --> 13:07:28,040
An Israeli army vehicle
had run over four Arabs.

1895
13:07:28,120 --> 13:07:32,600
It was the spark needed
to ignite the powder keg.

1896
13:07:34,240 --> 13:07:37,760
The revolt in Gaza was met
with tear gas and batons.

1897
13:07:37,840 --> 13:07:42,160
But also with rifle bullets
from the Israeli security forces.

1898
13:07:42,240 --> 13:07:45,600
The first victim was
an eleven year old boy.

1899
13:07:50,680 --> 13:07:55,920
Today’s unrest was the worst
in over ten years in Jerusalem.

1900
13:07:56,000 --> 13:08:00,680
The revolt began in the impoverished
Gaza Strip nearly two weeks ago

1901
13:08:00,760 --> 13:08:03,040
and is led by children
and teenagers.

1902
13:08:03,120 --> 13:08:06,080
But adults are showing their solidarity

1903
13:08:06,160 --> 13:08:10,440
by going on strike
and closing their shops.

1904
13:08:10,520 --> 13:08:13,880
In Jerusalem,
soldiers fired shots into the air,

1905
13:08:13,960 --> 13:08:19,360
and the tumult continued for several hours
while the tear gas stung the neighborhood.

1906
13:08:28,080 --> 13:08:34,280
We are going to make it clear,
violence and terror will achieve nothing

1907
13:08:34,360 --> 13:08:37,240
but more suffering to themselves.

1908
13:08:43,440 --> 13:08:46,080
And while the body count rises,

1909
13:08:46,160 --> 13:08:50,560
the Israeli government is
paralyzed by strong internal contradictions

1910
13:08:50,640 --> 13:08:52,920
over how to resolve the crisis.

1911
13:08:53,000 --> 13:08:57,640
Prime Minister Shamir has warned the UN
against adopting a resolution later tonight

1912
13:08:57,720 --> 13:09:00,760
condemning Israel’s
actions on occupied territory.

1913
13:09:00,840 --> 13:09:04,240
Such a resolution strengthens
the terrorists, says Shamir,

1914
13:09:04,320 --> 13:09:08,680
who has urged the US
to veto the resolution.

1915
13:09:10,800 --> 13:09:14,160
The United States withdrew
its vote in the UN Security Council

1916
13:09:14,240 --> 13:09:18,080
when fourteen votes to zero
condemned Israel’s latest actions.

1917
13:09:23,520 --> 13:09:27,360
For the Palestinian population,
it’s a difficult Christmas.

1918
13:09:27,440 --> 13:09:31,040
Their Christmas present
is more soldiers on the streets

1919
13:09:31,120 --> 13:09:33,840
and the promise of tougher measures.

1920
13:09:38,800 --> 13:09:42,640
None of these young people
choose to serve here. They’re ordered here.

1921
13:09:42,720 --> 13:09:46,240
The shootings of recent weeks
have on a couple of occasions

1922
13:09:46,320 --> 13:09:52,200
been preceded by boys like these
feeling crowded by stone-throwing masses.

1923
13:09:52,280 --> 13:09:56,120
They shoot in sheer fright.
Not at the legs, like they been taught,

1924
13:09:56,200 --> 13:09:59,080
but blindly into the crowd.

1925
13:10:00,360 --> 13:10:02,920
Karin is seventeen years old.

1926
13:10:03,000 --> 13:10:06,120
Like any woman she’s done
two years of military service.

1927
13:10:06,200 --> 13:10:11,080
She emphasises her will to defend,
but refuses to be a soldier by occupation.

1928
13:10:11,160 --> 13:10:17,200
This kind of situation is a very
dangerous and immoral situation.

1929
13:10:17,280 --> 13:10:21,280
Because when we are ruling a people,

1930
13:10:21,360 --> 13:10:24,720
not only are we doing wrong for them,

1931
13:10:24,800 --> 13:10:29,560
because they are not liberated
and they don’t have the rights that we do,

1932
13:10:29,640 --> 13:10:32,520
we are also destroying ourselves in a way.

1933
13:10:32,600 --> 13:10:37,960
A soldier who goes to the territories
and learns how to beat people,

1934
13:10:38,040 --> 13:10:41,280
when he goes back
to his home, to Israel,

1935
13:10:41,360 --> 13:10:47,520
I don’t think that he will forget all
the violence that he had to face up to.

1936
13:11:08,800 --> 13:11:11,480

 

1937
13:11:19,480 --> 13:11:22,200
Just throw rocks at them!

1938
13:11:40,640 --> 13:11:42,920
-But I saw no stones.
-No stone…

1939
13:11:43,000 --> 13:11:46,240
I saw no stones.
Why were they arrested?

1940
13:11:47,560 --> 13:11:49,880
We got…

1941
13:11:49,960 --> 13:11:54,840
The father said they were
arrested just when I arrived?

1942
13:11:54,920 --> 13:12:01,280
Colonel, I think you should look at this.
This is not good. Not good at all.

1943
13:12:02,440 --> 13:12:05,400
The uprising has cost the
Palestinians many lives,

1944
13:12:05,480 --> 13:12:09,680
but the Intifada has also left
a deep mark on Israeli society.

1945
13:12:09,760 --> 13:12:14,120
Ada lives in Jerusalem.
She makes a living as a cleaner.

1946
13:12:14,200 --> 13:12:18,320
She joined a peace group in the
same month as the Intifada started.

1947
13:12:18,400 --> 13:12:21,560
They’re called the Women in Black.

1948
13:12:21,640 --> 13:12:24,880
Every Friday they protest
against the occupation.

1949
13:12:24,960 --> 13:12:29,760
At first it was terrifying,
the Intifada was simply terrifying.

1950
13:12:29,840 --> 13:12:35,680
The violence it brought out
in the Israeli society was simply startling.

1951
13:12:35,760 --> 13:12:39,840
Some take umbrage at us caring,

1952
13:12:39,920 --> 13:12:43,160
but it also affects people,
it becomes a fact.

1953
13:12:43,240 --> 13:12:46,280
These are traitors, Arab lovers!

1954
13:12:46,360 --> 13:12:50,000
They are haters of Israel!
They want peace.

1955
13:12:50,080 --> 13:12:54,680
Giving a piece of this land to the Arabs,
that’s the peace they want.

1956
13:12:54,760 --> 13:12:57,560
So you better believe
what they stand for.

1957
13:13:30,840 --> 13:13:33,880
How come you can speak Swedish?

1958
13:13:33,960 --> 13:13:37,920
I lived in Uppsala for about three years.

1959
13:13:38,000 --> 13:13:42,240
And now live here in the camp?
Tell me what happened last night.

1960
13:13:42,320 --> 13:13:47,480
It happens every night. The soldiers come
in the evening when everyone’s sleeping.

1961
13:13:47,560 --> 13:13:49,560
Or they don’t really sleep.

1962
13:13:49,640 --> 13:13:53,560
The soldiers come knocking on the door.
All the guys are scared.

1963
13:13:53,640 --> 13:13:55,800
No one wants to open for them.

1964
13:13:55,880 --> 13:13:58,720
Then they start breaking
the doors and windows.

1965
13:13:58,800 --> 13:14:04,040
They want to force people to open.
It’s very dangerous.

1966
13:14:04,120 --> 13:14:08,760
They hit all the children,
all the women, all the boys, it’s terrible.

1967
13:14:08,840 --> 13:14:11,920
-Do you hear the soldiers at night too?
-Every night.

1968
13:14:12,000 --> 13:14:16,800
All we do is hear what happens every night.
Everyone screams.

1969
13:14:43,480 --> 13:14:49,000
Stockholm. In an apartment
the Jewish family Rokem is having dinner.

1970
13:14:49,080 --> 13:14:51,680
Freddie Rokem is born
and raised in Sweden,

1971
13:14:51,760 --> 13:14:55,040
but has lived in Israel
for the past 20 years.

1972
13:14:55,120 --> 13:14:59,560
Now he’s spending a year in Sweden
together with his children.

1973
13:14:59,640 --> 13:15:03,360
They’re all worried about
the developments in their homeland.

1974
13:15:03,440 --> 13:15:09,000
I’m a little scared that when
we return to Israel in six months

1975
13:15:09,080 --> 13:15:11,240
that it’ll still be going on.

1976
13:15:11,320 --> 13:15:15,200
I talked to some friends and told them,

1977
13:15:15,280 --> 13:15:21,240
as a more liberal person in Israel, that
I don’t like what is happening right now.

1978
13:15:21,320 --> 13:15:24,040
Even if it is my country.

1979
13:15:24,120 --> 13:15:27,680
It’s important to keep peace with them…

1980
13:15:27,760 --> 13:15:35,080
-But couldn’t we give them a country…
-Under conditions.

1981
13:15:35,160 --> 13:15:37,480
Yes, that we have peace with them.

1982
13:15:37,560 --> 13:15:42,760
We only get worse
and kill them more and more.

1983
13:15:42,840 --> 13:15:47,640
Then they do the same thing.

1984
13:15:47,720 --> 13:15:52,840
They get worse and worse
and kill us much more.

1985
13:16:12,280 --> 13:16:16,920
In the West Bank, two more young
Palestinians were shot dead tonight.

1986
13:16:17,000 --> 13:16:20,600
It is unclear whether
it was soldiers or civilians shooting.

1987
13:16:20,680 --> 13:16:24,520
Angry settlers in occupied
territory have for the last 24 hours

1988
13:16:24,600 --> 13:16:26,720
been involved in several incidents

1989
13:16:26,800 --> 13:16:32,640
since a settler’s serious injury yesterday,
when a petrol bomb was thrown at a car.

1990
13:16:59,000 --> 13:17:04,080
Why have you never condemned the treatment
of the Palestinians in the occupied areas?

1991
13:17:04,160 --> 13:17:06,880
Shooting unarmed protesters,

1992
13:17:06,960 --> 13:17:11,000
beating people to death,
children, trying to bury some alive?

1993
13:17:11,080 --> 13:17:13,120
And I’d like to follow up.

1994
13:17:13,200 --> 13:17:18,720
Helen, we have made…
We have spoken to the government there,

1995
13:17:18,800 --> 13:17:23,000
and we’ve also spoken
to the Palestinian leadership, because

1996
13:17:23,080 --> 13:17:28,440
there’s every evidence that these riots
are not just spontaneous and homegrown.

1997
13:17:28,520 --> 13:17:32,800
Who precisely are you criticizing
when you say that the riots

1998
13:17:32,880 --> 13:17:36,280
are not homegrown
and not spontaneous?

1999
13:17:37,440 --> 13:17:40,440
Well, we have had…

2000
13:17:41,640 --> 13:17:47,560
It’s a little difficult for me because there
are some things that I shouldn’t be saying.

2001
13:17:47,640 --> 13:17:53,000
But we have had intimations
that there have been

2002
13:17:53,080 --> 13:17:56,800
certain people suspected
of being terrorists, outsiders,

2003
13:17:56,880 --> 13:18:00,760
coming in not only with weapons,
but stirring up and encouraging

2004
13:18:00,840 --> 13:18:02,920
the trouble in those areas.

2005
13:18:03,000 --> 13:18:08,600
And… that is one of the
most difficult parts here.

2006
13:18:13,120 --> 13:18:17,200
We see a recording of
a young psychology student.

2007
13:18:17,280 --> 13:18:21,400
He came out of his house,
in his village, in the morning.

2008
13:18:21,480 --> 13:18:27,080
He was shot with rubber bullets
at a short distance. 5–6 metres.

2009
13:18:28,120 --> 13:18:34,320
They call it a rubber bullet, but inside
is a steel kernel weighing about 11 grams.

2010
13:18:35,720 --> 13:18:38,680
When the bullet hits the skin,
the rubber stops.

2011
13:18:38,760 --> 13:18:42,080
But the metal ball continues on in.

2012
13:18:42,160 --> 13:18:45,400
He was hit in the lower lip.

2013
13:18:45,480 --> 13:18:49,800
The rubber stays outside,
but the metal core continues

2014
13:18:49,880 --> 13:18:54,880
and smashes five teeth in the upper jaw
and three in the lower jaw.

2015
13:18:54,960 --> 13:19:02,720
The methods they use result
in Israel sowing an intense hatred.

2016
13:19:02,800 --> 13:19:04,960
Both in young children and in adults.

2017
13:19:05,040 --> 13:19:09,720
Those children will never forget,
and they will tell their children.

2018
13:19:09,800 --> 13:19:12,160
Which patients do you remember?

2019
13:19:14,520 --> 13:19:18,080
I remember them all
and will never forget them.

2020
13:19:37,240 --> 13:19:39,560
This is our “arm”.

2021
13:19:39,640 --> 13:19:45,160
This is my arm and this is also my arm.
This is my weapon against the Israelis.

2022
13:19:45,240 --> 13:19:48,360
I’m not afraid to die
as a sacrifice for Palestine.

2023
13:19:48,440 --> 13:19:54,520
It takes many sacrifices
to be free from the terror of the enemy.

2024
13:19:54,600 --> 13:19:59,600
It’s required that every citizen
and every Palestinian,

2025
13:19:59,680 --> 13:20:06,440
and all who consider themselves Palestinian,
to sacrifice himself for the state.

2026
13:20:08,200 --> 13:20:10,200
And this uprising,

2027
13:20:10,280 --> 13:20:17,240
these protests, these strikes,
is a part of our resistance.

2028
13:20:17,320 --> 13:20:20,640
I have the right to ask the
whole international public

2029
13:20:20,720 --> 13:20:27,160
for how long our people
will continue suffering

2030
13:20:27,240 --> 13:20:32,000
from the occupation
and from exodus?

2031
13:20:33,960 --> 13:20:36,440
We are human beings.

2032
13:20:39,320 --> 13:20:45,560
And our decision is to continue
till the end of this occupation.

2033
13:20:45,640 --> 13:20:48,240
Wave after wave.

2034
13:20:50,760 --> 13:20:54,760
But we can conclude that
this revolt of the stones, as it’s called,

2035
13:20:54,840 --> 13:20:59,760
-has given rise to a definitive movement.
-It has broken the status quo.

2036
13:20:59,840 --> 13:21:02,720
And status quo is what
Israel has maintained.

2037
13:21:02,800 --> 13:21:07,560
The status quo is broken and
the Palestinians have the initiative.

2038
13:21:07,640 --> 13:21:10,320
Despite what Arafat
said in this interview.

2039
13:21:10,400 --> 13:21:14,880
He gave the impression that
PLO initiated it, which is doubtful.

2040
13:21:14,960 --> 13:21:17,680
It is in a way also
a revolt against the PLO

2041
13:21:17,760 --> 13:21:21,320
and the Arab world’s
inability to resolve the issue.

2042
13:21:28,040 --> 13:21:33,840
A 16-year-old boy was killed today,
twenty other Palestinias were injured.

2043
13:21:33,920 --> 13:21:38,440
Among the injured was a girl
who is here taken to a car.

2044
13:21:41,640 --> 13:21:46,520
The girl’s upset relatives wanted to get
to the hospital as quickly as possible.

2045
13:21:46,600 --> 13:21:51,160
The Israeli soldiers get in the way.

2046
13:21:51,240 --> 13:21:56,720
They care more about interrogating people
than about the girl getting to the hospital.

2047
13:21:58,760 --> 13:22:02,840
And as usual,
a soldier obstructs further recording.

2048
13:23:16,720 --> 13:23:18,400
Ladies and gentlemen,

2049
13:23:18,480 --> 13:23:23,840
Mr Arafat, Chairman of the Executive Council
of the Palestine Liberation Organization.

2050
13:23:23,920 --> 13:23:27,880
His excellency Yitzhak Rabin,
the Prime Minister of Israel.

2051
13:23:27,960 --> 13:23:31,520
The President of the United States.

2052
13:23:31,600 --> 13:23:33,720
And so they came out together,

2053
13:23:33,800 --> 13:23:38,640
enemies yesterday, today agreeing
to make peace with each other.

2054
13:23:38,720 --> 13:23:43,720
They stood there at the podium in
the sunshine outside the White House,

2055
13:23:43,800 --> 13:23:48,000
and the whole world watched in wonder.

2056
13:23:50,280 --> 13:23:53,960
The audience held their breath
during the historical signing.

2057
13:23:54,040 --> 13:23:56,960
First Israel’s Secretary
of State Shimon Peres.

2058
13:23:57,040 --> 13:24:00,560
Then, for the PLO,
Mahmoud Abbas.

2059
13:24:00,640 --> 13:24:04,440
And then came the cheer.

2060
13:24:07,400 --> 13:24:10,720
And it rose when the old enemies

2061
13:24:10,800 --> 13:24:17,560
Yasir Arafat and Yitzhak Rabin shook hands,
albeit not entirely wholeheartedly.

2062
13:24:19,640 --> 13:24:27,600
The battle for peace, ladies and gentlemen,
is the most difficult battle of our lives,

2063
13:24:27,680 --> 13:24:31,960
and it deserves all our efforts,

2064
13:24:32,040 --> 13:24:36,960
because the land of peace

2065
13:24:37,040 --> 13:24:42,240
yearns for a just
and comprehensive peace.

2066
13:24:42,320 --> 13:24:47,760
We who have fought against you,
the Palestinians,

2067
13:24:47,840 --> 13:24:53,760
we say to you today
in a loud and a clear voice,

2068
13:24:53,840 --> 13:24:57,480
enough of blood and tears.

2069
13:24:57,560 --> 13:24:59,680
Enough!